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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
The Latin alphabet came to the Romans from Greece by way of a culture who dominated the Italian peninsula in the first millennium B.C. What was that culture?
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Ancient Etruscans
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When a picture symbol begins to represent the sounds of an object instead of the object itself, it is called what?
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phonograms
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What physical evidence indicates that animal images in prehistoric cave paintings may have been issued in magical rites of power?
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Spearmarks, designed to provide power over animals
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Why were cylinder seals so hard to counterfeit?
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because the images was displayed as a raised flat design
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According to Hammurabi's code, which offense was punishable by the cutting off of one's hands?
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a physician operating on a slightly wounded man with a bronze scalpel
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The Rosetta stone was inscribed in which three writing systems?
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hieroglyphic, demotic, and greek
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What is the evolution of the relationship between text and image in the Egyptian Book of the Dead?
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EARLIER VERSIONS - > the scribe designed the manuscript and blank areas were left for the artist to fill in .
LATER VERSIONS - > artist would draw first and scribes would fill in the manuscripts later |
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How did the changes in the Book of the Dead imply a diminishing empire?
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sheets of papyrus were being used and maybe only a few inch square
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What lettering style, composed of vertical strokes capped with pointed serifs, was used in Gothic manuscripts?
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textura aka littera moderna
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What common feature of christian manuscripts are not found in Islamic manuscripts?
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religious icons
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In the later Gothic period, around 1400, what private devotional became an entirely popular manuscript?
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The Book of Hours
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So-named because they were written between guidelines space one inch apart, what rounded lettering style made writing faster?
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uncials
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What is "gold leaf" and how was it applied to manuscripts?
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ground into powder and mixed with paint, also. hammering gold into fine paper. it was used for texture and design effects.
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What do you call a seal made by cutting calligraphic characters into a flat surface of stone ,gold or ivory?
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chops
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Why did printing with movable type never come into extensive use in the far east?
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because they had a ridiculous amount of characters!!
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What do you call a buddhist charm, printed and placed in a pagoda to help lengthen one's life? Why is this significant to graphic design?
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dharini -- there was an outrageous amount of copies produced and distributed...earliest surviving datable printing
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The chinese calligraphic writing system contains approximately how many characters?
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44,000
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Which chinese writing style, dating from 1800 BCE to 1200 BCE, was closely related to communicating with the dead?
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chiaku-wen -- aka. "bone-and-shell"
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The chinese calligraphic writing systems consists of characters classed as logograms. This means each character represents what?
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an entire word
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According to legend, calligraphy was invented about 1800 BCE by Ts-ang Chieh, who was inspired by observing what?
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by contemplating the claw marks of birds and footprints of animals
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The early chinese practice of making rubbings onto paper from stone inscriptions, such as the Confucian Classics, allowed them to solve a big problem. What was it?
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to insure a permanent record
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The oldest Chinese printed document still in existence from 868 BCE is a religious text known as what?
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The Diamond Sutra
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An alphabet is a series of simple visual symbols that represent what?
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the elementary sounds of a spoken language
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According to Meggs Phoenicia of the second millenium B.C. developed a type of society that contributed to the alphabetic system. How is this society characterized?
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seafaring merchants
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Around 1500 B.C., Semitic workers in the Sinai desert developed an acrophonic adaption of Egyptian hieroglyphics. In an acrophonic text, pictographs are used to represent what?
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the initial sound of the depicted object
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In what ways did the Greeks modify the Phoenician letter shapes?
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they applied geometric structure and order to the uneven phoenician characters.
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E and M = squares. O is perfectly round etc..
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To what does the term "boustrophedon" refer?
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" to plow a field with an ox " --> meaning everyother line reads in opposite direction
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What is the latin phrase that refers to the library from which a book comes.
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ex libris
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What is the latin phrase that means "cradle" or "rebirth?"
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incunabula
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It's connotations of birth or beginning caused 17th century writers to adopt it as a name for books printed from the invention of typography until the end of the 15th century. What is the latin phrase?
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incunabula
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The style type known as 'fraktur' in Johann Schoensperger's TEUERDANK is distinguished from other textura-like typefaces by what characteristics?
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the rigid, angular straight lines of textura were replaced with flowing, curved strokes
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The "golden rectangle" ( favored by German artists and designers during the latter part of the 15th century ) has what ratio of width to height?
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.. cant find it ..
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The Ars Moriendi provided advice on how to what?
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"art of dying" protocols and procedures on a good death
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The Master of the PLaying Cards ( who may have had some relationship with Gutenberg's press) is best remembered for what?
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creating the earliest known copperplate engravings.
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The illustration of the series of mermaids from the beginning of Chapter Five in Meggs (which are suspiciously reminiscent Starbuck's logo) is an example of what technology?
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watermark
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What do you call a steel bar with a character engraved into the top which is then pressed into a softer metal to make a negative impression?
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steel punch
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What do you call the negative impression of a character pressed that is filled with a molten lead alloy to create a finished piece of type?
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matrix
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Increasing literacy, a growing middle class, and a greater number of universities were all background cultural factors that made the development of what possible?
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Industrial Revolution && Mass Communications
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The mechanization of book production by such mean as movable type was sought by printers in Germany, the Netherlands, France, and Italy, but around 1450 in Mainz, Germany, it was who that first brought together the complex systems and subsystems necessary to print a typographic book?
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Johann Gutenberg
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What do you call a translucent emblem created in the paper-making process that is visible when a sheet of paper is held to the light?
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the watermark
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True of False : The original format of Gutenberg's 42-line bible contained hundreds of full page illustrations.
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false
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What do you call the inscription that usually occurs at the end of a book or manuscript and gives details of the work's production?
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colophon
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The VATICAN VERGIL, which includes parts of the AENEID and the GEORGICS is an example of which type of manuscript style?
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Classical
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During the Romanesque period (1000-1150 CE), manuscript styles began to blend and merge. What was the reason (cited by Meggs) that styles began to cross-pollinate?
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visual ideas were traveling back and forth on the pilgrimage route. Universal designs were made possible.
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According to Meggs, what was the fate of the library at Alexandria?
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it would be burned down
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"Recto" and "Verso" relate to what? Which is which?
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sides of the pages. Verso is left an recto is right.
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In 1501, what early graphic designer began to publish small, economical books such as Vergil's Opera?
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Aldus Manutias
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Who was the first typographic punch cutter to work independently of printers and established his own type foundry?
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Claude Garamond
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What is a word, phrase, symbol or design that identifies and distinguishes the goods and services of different parties?
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trademark
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Eric Ratdolts's Calendarium offered a scientific explanation of solar and lunar eclipses. This was a specific instance of what general trend?
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title page
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What typeface designer began work as a die-cutter, established Venice's second printing press, and eventually designed fonts characterized by extreme legibility?
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Nicolas Jenson
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The Italian renaissance in graphic design did not begin in Florence with the renaissance in art and architecture, but rather in which Italian city?
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Venice
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Aviso Relation oder Zeitung, which began publication in 1609, was the oldest surviving WHAT from Augsburg, Germany?
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journal
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Who established Aldine Press and published many of the major works of great thinkers from the Greek and Roman worlds?
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Aldus Manutias.
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The Aldine Press trademark, designed around 1500, contained what two features? What was the press motto?
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dolphin and an anchor -- "make haste slowly"
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What were handmade model layouts and manuscript texts ( used as guides for woodcut illustrations, typesetting, page design, and makeup of printed books ) called?
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exemplars
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Who wrote Underweisung der messung mit dem Zirckel und Richtscheyt ( a course in the Art of Measurement with Compass and Ryler), which presented the application of geometry to architecture, decoration, engineering, and letterforms, including a modular system for constructing a Gothic alphabet based on six stacked squares with the top and bottom units tilted to for the serifs? What else is the artist/designer noted for?
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Albrecht Durer also known for --> creating latin and german editions of the Apocalypse
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William Caxton's typographic work is often contrasted to type being produced on the continent of Europe in what regard?
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unified the constantly chaning, diverse dialects in use throughout the islands
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Philippe Pigouchet developed a technique called "crible" for illustrations. What was the effect of this technique?
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black areas of a woodblock are punched with white dots = lively tonality
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A single-leafed page, printed on one side, is called what? On both sides?
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broadside / broadsheet
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The latin term for "here begins" was often used by early printers on the first page of a book to seperate the front matter from the rest of the text. What is the latin phrase?
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incipit
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What was the most pressing concern of the private press movement -- including the Kelmscott, Dove, and Essex house press? It is no small irony that while William Morris was on the one hand returning to printing methods of the incunabula, on the other hand, he was adopting a rather new printing expediency -- what was it?
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money ? -- he used intials, borders and ornaments that were modular and interchangeable
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Typefaces with a ratio of 1:2.5 or even 1:2 of stroke width to capital height are called what? What are two other new typographic forms that hail from this period?
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fat-face -- > antique(egyptians) & tuscan
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What innovation brought greater speed to the printing press?
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steam
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What precursor to photographic processes (whose name means "dark chamber") was known as far back as Aristotle's time?
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camera obscura
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On an axis from Spartan and utilitarian to fanciful and ornamented, the Victorian taste in letterforms ( as exemplified by Herman Ihlenburg's designs) runs toward which extreme?
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elaborate and ornamented
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What is the medium on which Daguerrotype's photographic images were exposed?
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silver-plated copper sheet
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What process, new in 1880, allowed the printing of photographs in newspapers?
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halftoning
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Describe how the image is formed on a lithographic plate
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oil based drawing on a flat stone. water is added to surface, then oil based ink is rolled over the surface. paper is pressed over the image and a printing press is used to transfer the inked image onto the paper.
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Which French typographer standardized typeface measurement and initiated the concept of type families?
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Nicolas Jenson
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John Baskerville's printing was considerably more refined that that of his contemporaries; what are two of the factors that made this so?
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his presses focused on perfect alignment and the smooth stone press bed
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Giambattista Bodoni's late work reflect a turning away from the flourishes of rococo and towards a more sober style that (as indicated by its name) harked back towards an earlier period. What was the style of his later work?
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antique virtue
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William Blake's swirling illustrations accompanying his visionary poetry is in what style?
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art nouveau, abstract
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What is the name of the press founded in England in 1786 with the nationalistic purpose of producing work equal or better than was being produced on the continent of Europe?
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Shakespeare Press
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Who was the american fan of William Caslon who introduced his works to the colonies?
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.. dunnno..
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What scottish author and scientist invented the pie chart and is generall considered the father of information graphics?
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William Playfair
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A standard inch is divided into how many typographic points?
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72
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According to Meggs what does "Mesopptamia" mean? What countries occupy that region now?
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"the land between river" -- Iraq
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Ukiyo-e means what in english? Why are ukiyo-e important to the history of design?
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"pictures of the floating world"
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Who was self-described as Gakyo-rojin ( "old man mad with painting" )?
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Katushik Hokusai
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In Art Nouveau, what is the relationship of basic design to ornamentation?
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its very organic and plant like
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What phenonmenon caused a 19th century boom in parisian poster production?
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dont know..
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Illustrator Audrey Beardsley was heavily influenced by which Kelmscott pioneer? What did this previous designer think of Beardsley's work?
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William Morris. He was angry! Beardsly replaced neutral borders with stylized borders.
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Which illustrator and designer was sometimes dismissively referred to as the "American Beardsley?" What publication is he associated with?
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Will Bradley - Inland printer and Chapbook
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What U.S. company's rounded corporate logo, designed in the 1890's is still in use?
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The english UNDERGROUND
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William Morris, on his deathbed is said to have been moved to tears by the books produced by Charles Rickett's printing company. What was the name of the Rickett's Press? What was one of the books produced by this press highlighted Meggs.
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Vale Press -- > The Sphinx
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Jugendstil in English means what? What was unusual about Jugenstil?
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Youth style -- > It was a magazine decorated with illustrations on virtually every page, and the cover page was designed differently every issue.
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Who were the Cercle des XX and what artists did they champion?
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Belgian artists known as "Group of Twenty" -- > Gaugain and Van Gogh
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The phrase "cheap and nasty" in Meggs refers to what?
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mass-produced goods of Victorian era
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What is the most striking visual aspect of a William Morris book design?
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..dont know..
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Who edited the journal "Ars Typographica" and also designed more than 100 typefaces in his career that didn't start until he was 40?
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Frederic W. Goudy
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What writer and thinker's belief that the uniopn of art and labor was the ideal condition heavily influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement?
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Edward Johnston
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Selwyn Image had a dispute with the Academy of Art over what art-related issue?
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..dont know..
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Which Ruskin devotee established the socialist-minded Guild of Handicraft?
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Charles R Ashby
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What did Rudolf Koch, who designed the Neuland typeface, feel was supreme spiritual achievement of humanity?
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The alphabet
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What interesting convention marks William Pickering's 1847 edition of Oliver Byrne's 'The Elements of the Euclid', a geometry text, as a break from tradition?
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.dont know..
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At the end of the 19th century, architects and fashion, graphic and product designers moved away from the floral curvlinear elements of art nouveau and toward a more different style of representation. What was it? ( representations of the human figure often especially displayed this tendency )
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jggbdbjhb
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The Vienna Sucession (Sezessionstil) formed in 1897 when a group of young Viennese artists seceded from what? Why did they choose to break away?
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Kunstlerhaus- Viennese Creative artists Association.--> because they refused to allow foreign artists to exhibit
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What was especially innovative about the periodical Ver Sacrum (1898-1903)?
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it was somewhat of a design laboratory. the staffed was switched up occasionally allowing a lot of personnel and designers it had a square format and included a lot of linear and geometric shapes.
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Philosophically, The Vienna Workshop ( Wiener Werkstatte ), opening in 1903, was influenced by whom?
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juhlfgiu
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In 1916, the eminent calligrapher Edward Johnston was chosen to design an exclusive, patented typeface for the world's first what? And what sort of typeface was it?
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Underground Railway -> Sans-serif typeface
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Peter Behren's believed that (after architecture) this was best barometer of "spiritual progress."
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jgiuy
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While the Deutsche Werkbund ( German association of Craftsmen ) had strong ties to the english arts and crafts movement, one major difference was that German artists admitted to the value of what kind of processes?
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giving machine made objects a sense of form and meaning through design, including buildings
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This was an outgrowth of the Sezessionstil and sought a close union of fine and applied arts as an alternative to poorly designed, mass-produced articles and trite historicism. It was the philosophical heir of William Morris.
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jhkuefgi
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Peter Behrens's Allgemeine elektricitata-Gesellschaft (AEG) designs represent a synthesis of neoclassicism and Sachlichkeit, which loosely translates to what in English?
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frfuygu
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This American archhtect became known for his repetition of rectangular zones and use of asymmetrical spatial organization in his design of furniture, wallpaper, and stained-glass windows. What house was probably his most celebrated design?
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Frank Lloyd Wright. Connely House?
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