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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Metabolism |
All of the chemical reactions inside the body |
Reactions to keep cells in the living state |
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Biosynthesis |
A living organism, using ATP, forming complex chemical compounds |
Also called biogenesis or anabolism |
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Decomposition |
Chemical reaction that breaks down substances and creates energy. |
Rotting or decaying |
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Cell Respiration |
Decomposition of oxidized substances that releases free energy |
Cells release energy from chemical bonds |
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Aerobic |
Sugar becomes water and CO2 in the presence of oxygen |
Improves cardiovascular system |
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Anaerobic |
Sugar becomes water and CO2 in the absence of oxygen |
Triggers lactate formation |
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Fermentation |
Happens in an anaerobic cell after glycolysis |
Sugar to acids, gases, or alcohols |
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Glycolysis |
Pyruvate and glucose breakdown as the first step of cell respiration |
Converts glucose to pyruvate |
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Glucose |
A six carbon sugar |
C6H12O6 |
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Kreb's Cycle |
Glucose finishes breaking down and electron carriers are decreased |
2nd stage of cell respiration |
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NAD+/NADH |
Cells similar to NADPH but hold a little energy over a short period of time |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
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FAD/FADH2 |
Hydrogen carrier molecule reduced in Kreb's Cycle |
__ reduces oxygen and the product is water |
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Electron Transport System (ETS) |
Compromised of proteins and enzymes |
3rd stage of aerobic cell respiration |
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ATP |
A molecule that stores a little energy for a short time. |
Used to transport energy in cells |
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Cytochromes |
Proteins and enzymes in ETS |
Electrons pass through __ during ETS |
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Facultative Aerobes |
Bacteria that can perform both aerobic and anaerobic respiration |
Type of respiration depends on environment |
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Obligate Anaerobes |
Bacteria that can only perform anaerobic respiration |
Inside human intestines |
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Obligate Aerobes |
Bacteria that can only perform aerobic respiration |
Can not survive without oxygen |
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Hydrolysis |
A reaction with water that causes compounds to chemically break down |
3 main types: salt, acid, base |
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Oxidize |
To become chemically combined with oxygen |
O -> O2 |
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Reduce |
When molecules gain electrons |
Getting a negative charge |
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ATP Synthase |
An enzyme that provides energy, through synthesis, for the cell |
Most commonly used energy currency |
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Pyruvate |
A 3-Carbon compound |
Formed from glucose |
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Lactate |
A 3-carbon acid formed during anaerobic respiration |
Created during lactic acid fermentation |
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Lactic Acid Fermentation |
NADH and pyruvate are converted back to NAD+ and lactate |
1 type of anaerobic respiration |
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Mitochondrion |
Organelle where Kreb's cycle and ETS happen |
ATP is synthesized |
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Matrix |
Organic molecule oxidation site |
Where Kreb's enzymes are found |
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Christae |
Interior mitochondria membrane |
Similar to thylakoid membranes |
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Acetate |
2-Carbon acid |
Formed when Pyruvate releases a CO2 molecule |
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Citrate |
6-Carbon acid |
Formed by citric acid |
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Coenzyme A/Acetyl CoA |
During the Kreb's Cycle, it provides carbon to be oxidized |
Carrier molecule that combines with acetate |