Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Metabolism |
The sum of all the reactions in an organism and its cells that occur in order to sustain life. |
All Reactions or ___________ = Sustaining Life |
|
Biosynthesis |
The creation of large molecules occurring in an organism and it's cells. |
Creation of molecules in cells |
|
Decomposition |
The breaking down of molecules into their simpler components. |
Ex: 2H2O -> 2H2 + O2 |
|
Cell Respiration |
The breaking down of sugars with the products of H2O, CO2, and ATP |
Form of decomposition reaction occurring in cells |
|
Aerobic |
Requiring oxygen |
_________ respiration happens when their is oxygen |
|
Anaerobic |
Not requiring oxygen |
_________ respiration happens without the need oxygen |
|
Fermentation |
The conversion of sugars in order to produce energy for use within a cell. |
__________ can be used to create acids, gases, or alcohol |
|
Glycolysis |
Decomposition of glucose in Aerobic Respiration resulting in simple molecules. |
First stage of Aerobic Respiration |
|
Glucose |
Simple sugar produced by plants and animals that is used in cell respirations. |
Chemical Formula: C6H12O6 |
|
Krebs Cycle |
Stage of Aerobic Respiration in which molecules from glycolysis are further decomposed, electron carriers are synthesized, and carbon molecules are created for use in biosynthesis reactions. |
The ________ _________ is the second stage of Aerobic Respiration |
|
NAD+/NADH |
NAD+: Molecule that is a electron acceptor for metabolic processes (oxidized molecule becomes reduced) NADH: Molecule that is a electron donor for metabolic processes (reduced molecule becomes oxidized) |
________/________ are proton donors and acceptors for metabolic processes |
|
FAD/FADH2 |
FAD is a molecule that can accept one or two electrons, hydrogen atoms, or hydronium ions to aid in metabolic processes. FADH2 is a form of FAD that has accepted two protons and two electrons |
_______ can accept electrons, hydrogen atoms, or hydronium ions and _______ is a form in which it has accepted two protons and two electrons |
|
Electron Transport System |
Final stage of Aerobic Respiration in which the majority of ATP is formed. |
Transfers electrons between carriers |
|
ATP |
Molecule containing a large amount of energy that is used in almost all metabolic processes. |
_________ is considered the "currency of life" |
|
Pyruvate |
The product of glycolysis. |
Two molecules of ______ are the reactants for the Krebs Cycle |
|
Lactate |
The product of Lactic Acid Fermentation |
Produced by Lactic Acid Fermentation |
|
Lactic Acid Fermentation |
The process in cells when NADH and pyruvate revert to NAD+ and form lactate |
Occurs after exercise |
|
Mitochondrion |
An organelle found in most cells in which most of a cell's energy is produced. |
The primary location of energy production in a cell |
|
Matrix |
The inner component of mitochondrion where molecules are oxidized. |
Similar to the cytoplasm but in mitochondrion |
|
Cristae |
A folding in the membrane of a mitochondria of a cell which supplies the area for reactions to take place |
Folding in the mitochondria |
|
Acetate |
A molecule used by organisms in the Krebs Cycle |
A form of this molecule is a reactant in the Krebs Cycle |
|
Citrate |
Molecule produced by acetyl CoA bonding with a 4-carbon acid; coenzyme A thats is produced is reused in the Krebs Cycle. |
The decomposition of ________ is the last step of the Krebs Cycle |
|
Coenzyme A/acetyl CoA |
Coenzyme A is a "carrier molecule" that bonds with Acetate in the Krebs Cycle to form acetyl CoA |
The conversion of _________ and Acetate into ________ is the middle (3rd) step in the Krebs Cycle |
|
Cytochromes |
Involved in the redox reactions that occur in mitochondria. |
Helps create a proton gradient that produces ATP |
|
Facultative Aerobes |
Organisms that function better in the presence of oxygen in order to perform aerobic respiration and create ATP, but can also function and create ATP through anaerobic respiration |
________ ________ can function with or without plenty of oxygen. |
|
Obligate Anaerobes |
Organisms that can only survive if they are in a environment with very little - no oxygen content. |
________ _________ avoid environments with a lot of oxygen |
|
Obligates Aerobes |
Organisms that need a plentiful supply of oxygen to function and sustain metabolic processes. |
___________ _________ live in environments with a lot of oxygen |
|
Hydrolysis |
The process in which the bonds of a compound are broken due to a reaction with water. |
Contains the prefix meaning "water" |
|
Oxidize |
When molecules lose electrons |
A __________d molecules is one that has lost an electron |
|
Reduce |
When molecules gain electrons |
The amount of electrons are actually increased rather than ________d |
|
Glucose |
Simple sugar produced by plants and animals that is used in cell respirations. |
Chemical Formula: C6H12O6 |
|
ATP Synthase |
An enzyme whose primary function is to create ATP |
ATP _________ is found in all living cells |