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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
how long is the prenatal period of development? |
conception to birth |
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how long is the infancy and toddlerhood period of development? |
birth to 2 years |
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how long is the early childhood period of development? |
2 to 6 years |
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how long is the middle childhood period of development? |
6 to 11 years |
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how long is the adolescence period of development? |
11 to 18 years |
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how long is the emerging adulthood period of development? |
18 to 25 years |
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body size and proportions; appearance; functioning of body systems; health; motor capabilities |
physical domain of development |
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intelectual abilities |
cognitive domain of development |
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emotional communication; self-understanding; knowledge about others; interpersonal skills and relationships; moral reasoning and behavior |
emotional and social domain of development |
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an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes behavior, explains behavior, and predicts behavior |
theory |
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what you're born with influences your dev. more than experiences; inborn, biologic givens; based on genetic inheritance |
nature |
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experiences influence your dev. more than genes; physical and social world; influences biological and psychological development |
nurture |
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individuals high or low in a characteristic remain so at later ages; early experience may have a lifelong impact |
stability |
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change is possible, based on experiences |
plasticity |
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cell nucleus contains ______ |
chromosomes |
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how similar is our DNA to chimpanzees DNA? |
98.5% |
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what is the genetic similarity between humans worldwide? |
99.1% |
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where do most chromosome abnormalities occur? |
in the egg or sperm |
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results from problems with the 21st chromosome; mental retardation; memory and speech probe; motor development probs; unique physical features |
down syndrome |
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what traits could be changed in a designer baby? |
gender, appearance, intelligence, disease, and personality |
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screening embryos for eye color, hair color, and complexion |
gender selection |
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embryo screening involves a process called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis; created by in-vitro fertilization and grown to the eight-cell stage, at which point one or two cells are removed |
trait selection |
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kids are passive recipients of both genetic and environment |
passive correlation |
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child evokes certain responses from others |
evocative correlation |
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naturally gravitate towards something we're comfortable with |
active correlation |
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development results from bi-directional influences; ongoing, bi-directional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment |
the epigenetic framework |
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people think of themselves as separate from others; concerned with personal goals |
individualist |
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people define themselves as part of a group; concerned with group goals over individual goals |
collectivist |
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what are the 3 periods of prenatal development? |
zygote, embryo, and fetus |
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how long is the zygote period? |
2 weeks |
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how long is the embryo period? |
6 weeks |
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how long is the fetus period? |
30 weeks |
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key events in the zygote period |
fertilization, implantation, and start of placenta |
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key events in the embryo period |
arms, legs, face, organs, muscles all development, heart beings beating |
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key events in the fetus period |
"growth and finishing" |
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nervous system and skin |
ectoderm |
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muscular, skeletal, circulatory |
mesoderm |
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digestive, lungs, urinary, glands |
endoderm |
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any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period |
teratogen |
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cross the placenta, causing a dramatic rise in fetal heart rate and activity |
stress hormones |
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predicts anxiety, short attention span, anger, aggression, and overactivity among young children, above and beyond the impact of other risk factors |
maternal emotional stress |
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leading cause of infant mortality between 1 week and 12 months in industrialized nations |
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) |
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babies prefer ______ at birth |
sweets |
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what is the least developed sense at birth? |
vision |
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what are names of the twin sisters from the video? |
mia and alexandra |
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where is mia from? |
california |
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where is alexandra from? |
norway |
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views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment |
ecological systems theory |
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innermost level of the environment which consists of the child itself |
microsystem |
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the second level of Bronfenbrenner's model which encompasses connections between microsystems, such as home, school, neighborhood, and childcare center |
mesosystem |
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consists of social settings that do not contain children but that nevertheless affect children's experiences in immediate settings |
exosystem |
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the outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model which consists of cultural values, laws, customs, and resources |
macrosystem |
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affluent parents likely to value _________ over __________ |
achievement; character |
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children spend an avg of ________ hours in school by high school graduation |
14,000 |
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greater change of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes if…. |
low birth weight |
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greater chance of breast cancer, prostate, and other cancers if…... |
high birth weight |
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causes the breasts to "let down" milk; heightens the mother's response to the baby |
oxytocin |
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reflex that helps baby find nipple/food source |
rooting |
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permits feeding |
sucking |
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protects from strong stimulation |
eye blink |
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protects from unpleasant tactful stimulation |
withdrawal |
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causes toes to fan out |
babinski reflex |
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prepares infant for voluntary grasping |
palmar grasp |
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how much on avg do babies sleep? |
14-16 hrs in a day |
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irregular sleep; eye fluttering; moving; HR fast; like their awake |
REM sleep |
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looks like full rest; HR slow; low brain activity |
NREM |
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what is the least dev. sense at birth? |
vision |