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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
emotions
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subjective reactions to experience that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes
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self conscious emotions
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emotions, such as embarrassment,empathy,and envy, that depend on self awareness
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self-awareness
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realization that one's existence and functioning are separate from those of other people
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self-evaluative emotions
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emotions,such as pride,shame,and guilt that depend on both self-awareness and knowledge of socially accepted standards of behavior
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empathy
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ability to put oneself in another person's place and feel what the other person feels
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social cognition
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ability to understand that other people have mental stages and to gauge their feelings and intentions
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egocentrism
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Piaget's term for inability to consider another person's point of view; a characteristic of young children's thought
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temperament
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characteristic disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations
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easy children
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children with generally happy temperament,regular biological rythms, and readiness to except new experience
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difficult children
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children with irritable temperament,irregular biological rhythms, and intense emotional responses
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slow-to-warm children
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children whose temperament is generally mild but who are hesitent to except new experiences
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goodness to fit
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appropriatness of environmental demands and constraints to a childs temperment
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gender-typing
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socialization process by which children, at an early age learn appropriate gender roles
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basic trust vs basic mistrust
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erikson's first crisis in psychosocial development in which infants develop a sense of the reliability of people and objects
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attachement
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reciprocal,enduring tie between two people especially between infant and caregiver
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strange situation
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laboratory technique used to study infant attachment
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secure attachment
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pattern in which an infant cries or protests when the primary caregiver leaves and actively seeks out the caregiver upon his or her return
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avoidant attachment
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pattern in which an infant rarely cries when seperated from primary caregiver and avoids contact upon his or her return
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ambivalent (resistant) attachment
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pattern in which an infant becomes anxious before the primary caregiver leaves is extremely upset during their absence and both seeks and resists contact on his or her return
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disorganized-disoriented attachment
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pattern in which an infant after seperation from the primary caregiver shows contradictory behaviors upon his or her return
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stranger anxiety
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wariness of strange people and places,shown by some infants during the second half of the first year
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separation anxiety
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distress shown by someone typically an infant when a familiar caregiver leaves
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self concept
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sense of self: descriptive evaluative mental picture of one's abilties and traits
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self efficacy
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sense of one's own capability to master challenges and achieve goal
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self regualtion
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a persons independent control of behavior to conform to understood social expectations
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discipline
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methods of modeling children's character and of teaching them to exercise self control
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power assertion
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discourage undesirable behavior through physical or verbal enforcement of parental control
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gender differences
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psychological or behavioral differences between males and females
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sex differences
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physical differences between males and females
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gender roles
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behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and traits that culture considers appropriate for each sex
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gender typing
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socialization process where children at an early age learn appropriate gender roles
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gender stereotypes
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preconcieved generalizations about male or female behavior
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functional play
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play involving repetative muscular movements
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constructive play
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play involving use of objects or materials to make something
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pretend play
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play involving imaginary people or situation
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unoccupied behavior
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child isn't playing but watches anything interesting
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onlooker behavior
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watches other kids play but doesn't play with them
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solitary/ independent play
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plays by themselves and makes no effort to play with the other children around them
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parallel play
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plays independently among other children
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associative play
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child plays with others and talks about the games they are playing
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organized play
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plays organized games and one or two children control the group
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authoritarian
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emphasizes control and obedience
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permissive
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emphasizing self-expression and self regulation
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authoritative
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blending respect for a child's individuality with an effort to instill social values
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sociometric popularity
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which peers children like the most and least
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popular
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people who have many positive nominations
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rejected
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people who have many negative nominations
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neglected
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people who have few nominations of either kind
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average
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people who don't recieve an unusual amount of either
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percieved popularity
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which children are liked best by their peers
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resilient children
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those who weather adverse circumstances
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identity statuses
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states of ego development that depend on the prescence or absence of a crisis or commitment
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identity acheivement
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characterized by commitment to choices made following a crisis or period spent in exploring alternatives
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foreclosure
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person who hasn't spent time considering alternatives is committed to other people's plans for his or her life
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moratorium
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person is currently considering alternatives and seems headed for commitment
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identity diffusion
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absence of commitment and lack of serious consideration of alternatives
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cliques
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expanded circles of friends considering young people of the same age,gender,ethnicity and membership is based on popularity status
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member of a clique
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ties are within the group
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liason of a clique
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has ties to one or more cliques
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isolate
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not connected with any clique
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life structure
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underlying pattern or design of a person's life at a given time
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triangular subtheory of love
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patterns of love hinge on the balance among three elements; intimacy passion and commitment
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intimacy
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emotional element involving self disclosure which leads to connection warmth and trust
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passion
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motivational element based on inner desires that translate physiological arousals into sexual desires
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commitment
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cognitive element; is the decision to love and stay with the beloved
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single representations
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first stage in development of self definition in which children describe themselves in terms of individual unconnected characteristics and in all or nothing terms
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instrumental aggression
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aggressive behavior used as means of achieving a goal
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hostile aggression
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aggressive behavior intended to hurt another person
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normative life events
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in the timing of events model commonly expected experience that occur at customary times
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ego-control
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self control
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ego-resilency
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adaptability under potential sources of stress
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developmental tasks
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in normative stage theories typical changes that need to be mastered for succsessful adaptation to each stage of life
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disengagement theory
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theory of aging which holds that successful aging is characterized by mutual withdrawl between the old person and society
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adolescent rebellion
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pattern of emotional turmoil characteristic of a minority of adolescents which may involve conflict with family, alienation from society, reckless behavior and rejection of adult values
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activity theory
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theory of aging which holds that in order to age successfully a person must remain as active as possible
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life review
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reminisce about one's life in order to see its significance
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revolving door syndrome
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tendency for young adults who have left home to return to their parent's households in times of financial,material,or other trouble
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sandwich generation
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middle-aged adults squeezed by competeing needs to raise or launch children and to care for elderly parents
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