Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Diffusion
|
Passive movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
|
|
Osmosis
|
Passive movement of water molecules, across a partially permeable membrane, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
|
|
Enzyme
|
Mainly proteins that function as biological catalysts
|
|
Active site
|
Region of enzyme molecule where substrate molecule binds
|
|
Denaturation
|
A structural change in a protein that results in a loss (usually permanent) of its biological properties (due to high heat or too high/low pH)
|
|
Cell respiration
|
Controlled release (transfer) of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP
|
|
Gene
|
A heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic
|
|
Allele
|
One specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by 1 or a few bases only & occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene
|
|
Genome
|
The whole of the genetic information of an organism
|
|
Mutation
|
A change in chemical structure (i.e. base sequence) of DNA of a chromosome
|
|
Homologous chromosome
|
Chromosomes in a diploid cell which contain same sequence of genes but are derived from different parents
|
|
Genotype
|
Alleles of an organism
|
|
Phenotype
|
Characteristics/appearance (structural, biochemical etc.) of an organism
|
|
Dominant allele
|
Allele that has same effect on phenotype whether it is present in homozygous or heterozygous state
|
|
Recessive allele
|
Allele that has an effect on phenotype only when present in homozygous state
|
|
Codominant alleles
|
Pairs of alleles that both affect phenotype when present in heterozygous state
|
|
Locus
|
Particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene
|
|
Homozygous
|
Having 2 identical alleles of a gene
|
|
Heterozygous
|
Having 2 different alleles of a gene
|
|
Carrier
|
An individual that has 1 copy of a recessive allele that causes a genetic disease in individuals that are homozygous for this allele
|
|
Test-cross
|
Testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive
|
|
Sex linkage
|
Genes carried on only 1 of sex chromosomes & show different pattern of inheritance in crosses where male carries the gene from those where the female carries the gene
|
|
Clone
|
Group of genetically identical organisms or a group of cells derived from a single parent cell
|
|
Species
|
Group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
|
|
Habitat
|
Environment in which species normally lives or location of a living organism
|
|
Population
|
Group of organisms the same species which live in same habitat at same time
|
|
Community
|
Group of populations of organisms living & interacting with each other in a habitat
|
|
Ecology
|
Study of relationships between living organisms & between organisms & their environment
|
|
Trophic level
|
Level in food chain defined by method of obtaining food & in which all organisms are same number of energy transfers away from original source or energy (photosynthesis)
|
|
Evolution
|
Cumulative change in heritable characteristics of a population
|
|
Pathogen
|
Organism or virus that causes a disease
|
|
Evolution
|
Cumulative change in heritable characteristics of a population
|
|
Pathogen
|
Organism or virus that causes a disease
|
|
Resting potential
|
Potential difference across membrane of a neurone when it's not being stimulated (repolarised)
|
|
Action potential
|
Rapid change (depolarisation) in membrane potential of an excitable cell (e.g. a neurone)
|
|
Transpiration
|
Loss of water vapour from leaves & stems of plants
|
|
Linkage group
|
Genes carried on any 1 chromosome
|
|
Polygenic inheritance
|
Inheritance of phenotypic characters (e.g. height, eye colour) determined by collective effects of several different genes
|
|
Active immunity
|
Immunity due to production of antibodies by organism itself after body's defence mechanisms have been stimulated by antigens
|
|
Passive immunity
|
Immunity due to acquisition of antibodies from another organism in which active immunity has been stimulated, including via: placenta, colostrum, or by injection of antibodies
|
|
Excretion
|
Removal from the body of the waste products of metabolic pathways
|
|
Osmoregulation
|
Control of water balance of blood, tissue or cytoplasm of living organism
|