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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What types of animals should have regularly scheduled vaccines?
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- Dogs
- Cats - Horses - Cattle - Small ruminants - Swine |
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What is the number one most effective preventative health measure?
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Annual physical exams
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What does preventative health in dogs and cats include (4) and when should you start?
(hint) |
Clinical evaluation:
- History (Hx) - Environment - Lifestyle - Nutrition Begins at 6-8 weeks |
CHELN
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Are all preventative health plans set in stone?
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NO. PH programs should be crafted for each individual pet and owner
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What nutrient is most important for puppies and kittens?
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Protein
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Tell me about variations in diet for domestic animals…
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- Most domestic species cannot have dramatic variations in diet
- It takes approx. 4-5 days to gradually switch to a new food |
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What three factors dictate how a hospital should determine vaccine protocol?
(hint) |
1) Geographical area
2) Indigenous afflictions 3) Manufacture guidelines |
GIM
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What is an indigenous affliction?
(example?) |
Something that has a high fatality rate and is highly contagious in a certain area
ex. rabies or influenza |
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How does cat nutrition differ from dogs?
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Cats are true carnivores whereas dogs are omnivores
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What percent of a cat’s diet are carbs?
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Less than 5%
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What are the three life stages (recognized by veterinarians)?
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1) Growth
2) Adult maintenance 3) Senior |
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What are the six essential nutrients?
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1) Protein
2) Fat 3) Carbohydrates 4) Water 5) Minerals 6) Vitamins |
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Which of the essential nutrients provide energy?
(list them in order of most important/utilized) |
1) Carbohydrates
2) Fat 3) Protein |
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What is the result of good nutrition and what is energy needed for?
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- Maximizes the length and quality of life
- Energy is needed for biochemical reactions (ex. lungs inflating, heart beating, etc.) |
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What is the difference between fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins?
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- Fat-soluble: absorbed through GI tract and are readily excreted from the body
- Water soluble: dissolve easily in water (thus metabolize quickly) |
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What are four fat-soluble vitamins and what are 9 water-soluble vitamins?
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- Fat-soluble: A, D, E and K
- Water-soluble: 8 B vitamins and vitamin C |
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What is the definition of a nutrient?
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A substance that when ingested supports life
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What is the most important nutrient and how long can you survive without it?
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Water
Can’t survive without water for more than 24-48 hours |
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Tell me about carbs…
(What are they broken down into? What do they provide the body? What are they stored as? What are they converted into?) |
- Broken down into simple sugars
- Best source of energy for body - Stored as GLYCOGEN - Converted into fat |
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Tell me about fats…
(What do they break down into? What happens if there’s excess? What does it provide the body?) |
- Broken down into triglycerides
- Excess stored in tissues - Provides STORED energy |
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Tell me about proteins…
(What do they break down into? What do they have to do with tissue? What does it provide? What is its significance with young animals?) |
- Broken down into amino acids
- Building blocks of tissue (especially muscle tissue) - Provides energy - Young/growing animals need more protein than adults |
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Tell me about fiber…
(What is it referred to as? What are two types? Where is it found? What is significant about it? What are some examples?) |
- Referred to as complex carbohydrates
- Two types: cellulose and lignin - Structural components of grass, plants and wood - Fiber is a FILLER - Ex. corn, wheat, rice, barley, oats, etc. |
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Tell me about fiber and the monogastric stomach…
What is fermentation? |
Monogastric stomach lacks the enzymes to digest fiber, so it needs STARCH instead
Fermentation: decomposition of fiber |
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What must you take into account when developing a nutrition plan?
(also: what are they determined by, how is it affected by age?) |
- The caloric needs of an individual
- Caloric needs are determined by: AGE, BREED and ACTIVITY LEVEL - Caloric needs decrease with age |
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What are the three top problems related to dog/cat nutrition?
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1) Obesity (#1)
2) Diabetes 3) Liver and kidney problems |
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What is the AAFCO and what is their function?
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Association of American Feed Control Officials
Develop and regulate the manufacture, distribution and sale of animal feeds |
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What are the life stages recognized by the AAFCO?
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- Growth
- Adult Maintenance - Reproduction (but NOT senior) |
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What is the FDA responsible for regarding pet food?
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- Responsible when a food makes a health claim (ex. “reduces heart disease”)
- Ensuring the safety of ingredients - Mandating how much preservatives are used in food |
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Tell me about dry matter…
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- Unit of measurement
- All the nutrients in food after water is removed - ↑ dry matter = ↑ nutrients = better it is for the animal |
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What is the number one pet nutrition related problem in the US? (percentage?)
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Obesity
40% of pets are overweight |
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What information does the AAFCO require to be on a pet food label?
(hint) |
- Guaranteed analysis
- Product name - Feeding directions - Ingredients - Net weight - Manufacturer name and address - Who it’s for |
Good
Pet Food Is Not Made Well |
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What does the guaranteed analysis tell you?
(hint) |
The percentage of:
- Protein - Fat - Fiber - Moisture |
PFFM
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What do the following ingredients refer to?
Meat By products Meal Cereal Soybean meal Preservatives |
- Meat: muscle meat
- By products: visceral organs (ex. liver/kidney; NOT hair/beak/feet) - Meal: carbohydrates - Cereal: grains - Preservatives: anything added to food to keep it from spoiling |
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What is the significance of a product name?
Tell me about the AAFCO and product names... |
What a product is called has EVERYTHING to do with what is inside of it
AAFCO regulates what must be in the product if a certain word is used in the name |
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When there is an ingredient in the name, how much of it must be in the product?
(ex. Science Diet Lamb and Rice) |
95% of the ingredient must be in the product
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When the words “feast” or “dinner” are used in the name, how much of the ingredient must be in the product?
(ex. Iams Chicken Feast) |
25% of the ingredient must be in the product
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When the word “with” is used in the name, how much of the ingredient must be in the product?
(ex. Cat food with Salmon) |
3% of the ingredient must be in the product
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When the word “flavor” is used in the name, how much of the ingredient must be in the product?
(ex. Beef flavored dog food) |
Less than 1% of the ingredient must be in the product
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Tell me about extruded food…
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- Extruded: processing where ingredients are cooked as they’re mixed together
- Most common type of pet food - Large amounts can be produced at a time |
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Tell me about baked dry food…
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Products are molded into shapes before they are baked in the oven
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Tell me about wet food…
(content, bad effects, what does it cause, how's it cooked?) |
- ↑ fat and moisture content
- No preservatives (spoils quickly) - Rots teeth - #1 cause of obesity - Canned before it’s cooked (cooked in the container) |
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What are the five most important factors that determine food choice?
(hint) |
1) BCS (body condition score)
2) Energy factor 3) Client factor (where do they purchase it?) 4) Activity level 5) Patient |
BECAP
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List 4 advantages of feeding a dry dog food...
(hint) |
- Doesn't spoil easily
- Efficiently packaged/shipped - Cost effective - Tartar control |
DECT
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List 4 reasons a pet owner might choose to feed their pets a premium pet food...
(hint) |
- Better quality
- Helps skin/coat condition - ↑ digestibility - Reduce stool volume |
BHHR
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