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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Organelles - Nonmembranous
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always in contact with cytosol
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five compartments of mitochondria
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1. outer mito membrane
2. intermembrane space 3. inner mito membrane 4. cristae space 5.matrix |
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free ribosomes
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scattered throughout cytoplasm
- excluded from nucleus and other organelles -proteins made here ENTER the cytoplasm |
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fixed ribosomes
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attached to rough ER
-proteins made here enter LUMEN (internal cavity) of ER -modified, packaged for export |
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parts of cell in order from right to left (there are 9)
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microfilaments - centriole, nucleus, ribosomes, lysosome, golgi apparatus, rough ER, mitochondria, smooth ER
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plasmalemma
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lipid bilayer- contains phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and carbs
purpose: 1. isolation 2. protection 3. seinsitivity 4. support 5. support 6. control of entrance/exit of materials |
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microvilli
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sensory "fingers" containing microfilaments
purpose: increase surface area |
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cytoskeleton
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proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubes
Purpose: stength and support, mvmt of cellular structures and materials |
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cilia
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membrane extensions containing microtubule doublets
purpose: movement of material OVER cell surface |
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mitochondria
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double membrane, with inner membrane folds (cristae) enclosing metabolic enzymes
purpose: produce 95% of ATP required by cell |
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nucleus
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purpose: control of metabolism; storage and processing of genetic information; control of protein synthesis
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nuclear envelope, nucleolus, nuclear pore
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site of rRNA synthesis and assembly of ribosomal subunits
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Rough ER
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synthesis of secretory products; itracellular storage and transport
>fixed ribosomes: modification & packaging of newly synthesized proteins |
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smooth ER
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lipid, steroid, and carb synthesis, Ca ion storage
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Golgi Apparatus
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purpose: storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes
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Lysosome
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vesicles containing digestive enzymes
purpose: intracellular removal of damaged organelles or of pathogens |
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peroxisomes
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vesicles containing degradative enzymes
purpose: catabolism of fats and other ogranic compounds; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process |
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ER functions
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1. synthesis 2. storage 3. transport 4. detox
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Muscles Never
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PUSH
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Bones Never
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PULL
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MA step 1
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1. SIGNAL INPUT> Ach in synapse released from synaptic cleft
-AP generated -along SR and down t tubules |
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MA step 2
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2.CALCIUM TRIGGERED- AP triggers Ca2+ from terminal cistae of SR
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MA step 3
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3. CALCIUM REMOVES THE BEST FRIENDS- Ca2+ ions bind to troponin>troponins change shape, removing tropomyosins>actin active sites exposed
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MA step 4
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4. CONTRACTION- myosin cross bridges alternatively attach to actin and detach, pulling actin filaments toward center of SR; release of ATP hydrolysis, powers cycling process
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MA step 5
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5. CALCIUM REMOVAL - Ca2+ removal by active transport into SR after AP ends
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MA step 6
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6. BFFS BACK TOGETHER & EVERYTHING RESUMES NORMAL- Tropomyosin blockage restored blockin actin active site; contraction ends & muscle fiber relaxes
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