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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stress |
Stress related disorders are the fastest growing disability category. |
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Stress |
-Was believed to be biological -newer believe is a bio psychosocial model -caused by complex interactions -biological -Psychological Sociocultural |
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Stress |
Demanding situation Greater than our ability to cope • use Resources • use Coping abilities Personal environment interactions • Individual response Stressor •source of stress •Demanding situation |
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Conflict as a Stressor proceed according to 4 steps. |
1. Individual has 2 goals at the same time. 2.moves towards both goals approach - avoidance approach -approach Avoidance - avoidance 3. Hesitation, vacillation, blocking, or Fatigue 4. Resolution( temporary/ Permanente) |
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Fight or flight |
Threat to well-being is perceived • Autonomic Nervous System( ANS ). - nerve fibers connecting CNS to all organs. -regulates involuntary activities -Response to perceive danger -sympathetic & Parasympathetic
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Autonomic Nervous System |
Sympathetic nervous system - fight or flight. Blood flow to organs/ fibers necessary to fight for protection or run for safety. Parasympathetic nervous system Response after danger has past, returns body to normal process |
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Selye’s stress adaptation |
-Individuals have a limited amount of energy to use in dealing with stress - How quickly energy is used or we adapt depends on • Heredity, Attitude, Lifestyle - Life is stressful - Adaptation is stressful |
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Life changes as stressful events |
-Graduation ( outstanding personal achievements) Promotion & Vacation - Social readjustment ( coping behaviors) -Life change units (LCU) Life events are rated/ given a value High scores r/t illness or injury |
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Life changes clinical Applications |
•The LCU are predictors only •Individuals perceptions vary •thorough assessment is needed •Individual / family teaching is important |
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Stress as a transaction |
• Perceived threat ( external or Internal ) - exceed resources -Endangering • Evaluation - Cognitive appraisal •Coping •Primary Appraisal- person assess the potential for harm/ Benefit. •Secondary Appraisal- person has identified the harm/ threat then evaluates his coping resources in for the situation. •Coping- person applies the resources to his disposal. •Reappraisal- person re engages in ongoing reinterpretation of the situation based on the new information. |
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Psychoneuroimmunology |
-Bio psychosocial factors influence immune response -Relationship between Stress Disease Biopsychosocial nature Stress process |
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Psychoneuroimmunology |
• Self healing personalities - Emotionally stable - joyful, content - good relationships • Hardiness and health - confident, in control of their circumstances - see life events are challenges vs obstacles • Disease-Probe personalities -Negative emotions - auspicious, chronically anxious ( immune suppression) |
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Anxiety |
-State of varying degrees of uneasiness or discomfort - often coupled w/ guilty, doubts, fears, and obsessions - May experience terror or dread - so uncomfortable individual attempt to relive the feeling ASAP - constructive ( problem solving )or destructive ( Panic attack ) |
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Source of Anxiety |
•The attempt to maintain equilibrium • Threats to biological integrity. “ Maslow” • Threats to security of self-integrity - unmet expectations - unmet needs for status/ prestige - Anticipated disapproval - unable to gain self respect / recognition from others - guilt |
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Anxiety / continuum |
• Mild - increased motivation, sharpens senses, learning is enhanced • Moderate - perceptual field and attention span decreases, poor problem solving selective inattention • Severe - Focus on a single detail, severely limited attention span, physical symptoms, attempt to relive anxiety • Panic - Disintegration “ terror “ exhaustion, purposeless bx and unintelligible communication |
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Anxiety & Psychoneurotic |
Anxiety- mild or moderate (Adaptive) Psychoneurotic- severe or Panic (extended period of time ) |
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Nursing Process |
Assessment - physiological ( multi organ involvement) Cognitive - Functional impairment Emotional / Behavioral- irritable, angry, w/drawn “edgy “ “nervous” “tense” |
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Anxiety Disorder ( most Common) 4 levels |
Mild - catalyst for change, ideal for learning. Moderate- perception is narrowed, able to attend to selected stimuli Severe- functional impairment Panic- also functional impairment, should be monitor for safety. |
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Anxiety Disorder |
Mixture of symptoms •physiological •psychological •Behavioral •cognitive Either -Predominant (GAD) -Avoidance (phobia) |
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Anxiety Disorder |
Mixture of symptoms •physiological •psychological •Behavioral •cognitive Anxiety is either -Predominant (GAD or Avoidance (phobia) |
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Anxiety Disorder |
-Is experienced as either emotional or physical. Onset maybe sudden or gradual. Acute anxiety- Individuals seek help. Chronic anxiety- Somatic discomfort such as heartburn, diarrhea, constipation, aches and pains/ Disabilities |
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Panic disorder |
Recurrent attacks of severe fear/ anxiety. Lasting moments to an hour. * attacks are not associated with a stimulus. Instead occur suddenly and spontaneously. - maybe associated with situations. S/S: palpitations, rapid pulse, nausea, diarrhea, dyspnea, feeling of suffocation |
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Panic Disorder |
Symptoms mimic “heart attack” Person may go to the E.R to r/o first. Attack interferes with usual functioning May develop anticipatory fear Onset late adolescence/early adulthood. R/o physical d/o Women > men |
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Phobia disorder |
Persistent / Irrational fear of object, activity, situations. Will experience panic when in contact with phobic stimuli Able to control by avoiding phobic stimuli |
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Agoraphobia |
•Fear of leaving home •of being alone in public places where no help is available ex: elevator *agoraphobia without panic is rare GAD women > men Onset : mid-late 20’s Depression, anxiety, rituals”checking “ |
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Social Anxiety Disorder ( social Phobia) |
Fear & avoidance of situations where they may be judged. Fears embarrassment Overwhelming anxiety and excessive self- conscious Ex: public speaking, performing, eating in front of others Onset: late childhood / early adolescence Co- existing- alcohol and depression |
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Specific Phobia |
More common than any other Isolated fear focus on one situation or object. Actively avoid the feared situation or object Onset: childhood Many disappear Those that persist in adulthood require tx. Minimal impairment required to avoidance Subtype: animal, natural environment, blood, injection, injury, situation |
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(GAD) |
Less specific & less debilitating thank Panic and phobic d/o Persistent anxiety at least 6 months distraction Without phobia, panic or OCD Worry, nervous, can’t relax Multiple physical s/s Women = men Co-existing mild depression |
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OCD |
Anxiety that develops when the person tries to resist obsession or compulsion. Fear of harming self or others Need for control Obsession- recurring thought Compulsion- uncontrollable urge to perform acts/ behaviors. To relieve unbearable tension Eventually increased tension Woman = men |
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Children with OCD ( PANDAS) |
Autoimmune response after strep throat infection Sudden onset Children may have OCD and or TIC d/o ( Tourette syndrome) |
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PTSD |
Experienced a significant stressor / trauma Military combat Crime victim,assault,rape, incest Terrorist attack, natural event -followed by recurrent subjective experiencing of the trauma |
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PTSD |
Experienced a significant stressor / trauma Military combat Crime victim,assault,rape, incest Terrorist attack, natural event -followed by recurrent subjective experiencing of the trauma Vulnerable groups - military - children -First responders Health care providers |
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PTSD |
Divided into 3 categories 1. Acute:Symptoms occur within one month of trauma and last <3months 2. Chronic: Symptoms last 3 months or more 3. Delayed onset: at least 6 months have passed between trauma and occurrence of symptoms - Can occur at any age Depression, anxiety, irritability |
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Acute Distress disorder |
Anxiety and dissociative s/s Occurring within 1 month of an extremely traumatic event Stressor similar to PTSD Shorter duration shorter onset time Dissociative s/s |
