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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Enzyme
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a biological catalyst which increases rate of reaction
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Molecules
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Made up of atoms
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Chemical Composition of Enzymes
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made up of proteins --> made up of polypeptide chains --> composed of amino acids joined by polypeptide bonds
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Lock and key model
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suggest that substrates fit exactly into the active site of the enzyme
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what is PH
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a measure of the acidity or alkilinity of a substance
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What makes a substance acidic?
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Hydrogen Ions
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What affects enzyme function?
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temperature increase --> enzyme activity increases
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PH Scale
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0 Acidic --> 7 neutral --> 17 Basic
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Homeostasis
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is the process by which organisms maintain a relitively stable internal environment
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Effectors
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can be either muscles or glands. Muscles bring movement, glands bring change in chemical secretion
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Carbon Dioxide in blood
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carbonic acid and then into hydrogen carbon ions
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Oxygen in blood
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Oxyhaemoglobin
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Water in blood
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the solvent of plasma
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Salts
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transported directly to plasma
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Nitrogenous wastes in blood
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changed into urea
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Arteries
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carry blood away from the heart
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Capillaries
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an extension of the inner layers of the arteries
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Veins
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carry blood back to the heart
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What happens in the Kidneys?
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salt and water levels are regulated
- all urea is removed - toxins are excreted into urine |
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Xylem
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transport of water is passive and depends on transpiration. Water is drawn up the xylem tubes to replace the loss
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transpiration
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evaporation of water from the leaf cells through the stomates
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Diffusion of water
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caused by low concentration of water at the roots
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cohesion
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binding together of water molecules
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Adhesion
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water molecules that stick to the sides of the xylem tubes
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In the Phloem Translocation occurs
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it is the movement of organic materials such as sugars, amino acids and hormones. Transported both up and down
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Size of red and white blood vessels
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White= 12-15 um
function: defend against disease Red= 6-9um Function: transport of oxygen |
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Pulse oximetre:
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measures 02 levels
- peg like device that sits on your finger |
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Immunoglobulin
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infection fighting parts of the blood plasma given to people who have difficulties fighting infections
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Active transport
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uses energy to transport substances across a membrane
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Passive transport
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is the movement of substances across a membrane
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Nefron Structure
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Bowmans capsule is connected to the proximal tubule leading to the loop of henle, which then connects to the ditil tubule and all joins to the bladder
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What are nephrons surrounded by?
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Capilaries
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Where does filtration occur?
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Within the bowmans capsule in the glomerulus
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Reabsorption
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substances the body can reuse are reabsorbed into the capillaries surrounding the nephron
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Secretion
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is the proces by which the body activley transports substances from the blood to the nephron
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ADH, Anti diuretic hormones
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controlls the reabsorption of water by adjusting permeability of the collecting ducts
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Aldosterone
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produced and released by the adrenal glands it controls the amount of salt in the blood
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Enantiostasis
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is the maintinance of metabolic and physiological functions in response to Enantiostas variations in the environment
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