Mcat Physics

1.60 x 10^-19

Q= +e

Thumb in current direction, fingers in direction of magnetic field. Palm direction = force direction

Put thumb in direction of current, magnetic field is motion that hand makes as it wraps around wire

Thumb in direction of velocity, fingers in direction of magnetic field—> palm is force

1 mL = cm^3

1000 L = m^3

Force between two charges. Direction depend on if two forces are attractive or repellant

Forces exerted by a charge (Q) on any other charges (q) that enter the space. Direction is vector that positive charge would move in

Amount of work to bring charge from infinitely far distance to this designated point in space

Ratio of electrical potential energy to the charge entering the space

Require no work to move a charge up or down this line

Equal and opposite charges a small distance apart. Can cause electric potential (V) on a third nearby charge . Point from positive toward negative pole

Measurement of magnetism. 1 T = 10^4 gauss

One individual charge moving or mass movement of charges through current

Material contains no unpaired electrons, slightly repelled by magnet (weakly antimagnetic)

Weakly magnetized. In presence of external field, will align its dipoles with it

1 kg/cm^3 or 1000 kg/m^3

Strongly magnetized, north and South Pole with field lines going form N to S

Sum of electrostatic and magnetic forces

1.013 x 10^5 pa = 760 mmhg = 760 torr = 1 atm

Different between absolute pressure inside tire and atmospheric pressure

Result from cohesion of attractive forces of liquid molecules at surface.

Attractive force of liquid molecules with container. Cause meniscus

When cohesive forces stronger than adhesive.

Ideal fluids without viscosity

Lam= smooth and orderly and parallels

Turb = eddies creates by obstruction or superseded critical velocity

Find of khan

1 mL = cm^3

1000 L = m^3

Force between two charges. Direction depend on if two forces are attractive or repellant

Forces exerted by a charge (Q) on any other charges (q) that enter the space. Direction is vector that positive charge would move in

Amount of work to bring charge from infinitely far distance to this designated point in space

Ratio of electrical potential energy to the charge entering the space

Require no work to move a charge up or down this line

Equal and opposite charges a small distance apart. Can cause electric potential (V) on a third nearby charge . Point from positive toward negative pole

Measurement of magnetism. 1 T = 10^4 gauss

One individual charge moving or mass movement of charges through current

Material contains no unpaired electrons, slightly repelled by magnet (weakly antimagnetic)

Weakly magnetized. In presence of external field, will align its dipoles with it

1 kg/cm^3 or 1000 kg/m^3

Strongly magnetized, north and South Pole with field lines going form N to S

Sum of electrostatic and magnetic forces

Sea of electrons flowing over rigid lattice of metal cations

1.013 x 10^5 pa = 760 mmhg = 760 torr = 1 atm

Different between absolute pressure inside tire and atmospheric pressure

Result from cohesion of attractive forces of liquid molecules at surface.

Attractive force of liquid molecules with container. Cause meniscus

When cohesive forces stronger than adhesive.

Ideal fluids without viscosity

Lam= smooth and orderly and parallels

Turb = eddies creates by obstruction or superseded critical velocity

Find of khan

1 mL = cm^3

1000 L = m^3

Force between two charges. Direction depend on if two forces are attractive or repellant

Forces exerted by a charge (Q) on any other charges (q) that enter the space. Direction is vector that positive charge would move in

Amount of work to bring charge from infinitely far distance to this designated point in space

Ratio of electrical potential energy to the charge entering the space

Require no work to move a charge up or down this line

Equal and opposite charges a small distance apart. Can cause electric potential (V) on a third nearby charge . Point from positive toward negative pole

Measurement of magnetism. 1 T = 10^4 gauss

One individual charge moving or mass movement of charges through current

Material contains no unpaired electrons, slightly repelled by magnet (weakly antimagnetic)

Weakly magnetized. In presence of external field, will align its dipoles with it

1 kg/cm^3 or 1000 kg/m^3

Strongly magnetized, north and South Pole with field lines going form N to S

Sum of electrostatic and magnetic forces

Sea of electrons flowing over rigid lattice of metal cations

Rises with concentration of dissolved solids but particularly ion concentration

1.013 x 10^5 pa = 760 mmhg = 760 torr = 1 atm

Different between absolute pressure inside tire and atmospheric pressure

Result from cohesion of attractive forces of liquid molecules at surface.

Attractive force of liquid molecules with container. Cause meniscus

When cohesive forces stronger than adhesive.

Ideal fluids without viscosity

Lam= smooth and orderly and parallels

Turb = eddies creates by obstruction or superseded critical velocity

Find of khan

Direct has charge flowing in one direction

Voltage that works as pressure to move electrons, thus result in current

Number of pathways through a resistor. The wider the resistor the more current can flow through

Greater temp equals greater resistance bc thermal oscillation of material’s atoms disrupts electron flow

Small amount of resistance within emf source (battery) itself

Rate at which energy is dissipated by resistor. Convert into other form of energy

Two parallel plates, one connected to positive end of voltage source/higher potential terminal takes on positive charge . And vice versa w/ negative

Increases the capacitance by reducing the voltage. Voltage is decreased as the dielectric material shields the opposing charges of the plates from each other

It increases the charge on the plates thus increase capacitance. Doesn’t affect the voltage as it is determined by the emf source now activated

Measure current from magnetic field it creates. Extremely low resistance so ideally no voltage drop across it

Use magnetic field of current to measure voltage drop across two points in circuit

Calculate resistance from inactive circuit

Heat and work

1 Cal = 1000 cal = 4184 J

Heat transfer via direct contact of materials. Metals best bec allowing more immediate collisions b/w molecules unlike gas which would have spread out collisions

Transfer of heat by motion of fluid over a material. Via liquids or gases

Transfer of energy via electromagnetic waves. Can transfer energy thru a vacuum

1 cal/g*K or 4.184 J/g*K

Average potential energy of molecules increases with addition of heat. Average kinetic energy is the same in liquid as solid until phase change complete

U = 0 so Q= W

Q=0 so U= -W

Adiabatic means no heat exchange

Nope

W=O so U=Q

Goes so slowly that system always in equilibrium and no energy lost or dissipated.

Oscillate perpendicularly to propagation of wave. Unlike longitudinal waves which oscillate parallel to direction of energy transfer

Wavelengths per second

When two waves crests and troughs coincide which cause constructive interference . Can be partially

Naturally frequency/frequencies of an object

The unrelated frequencies of an object. No mathematically related overtones to the fundamental frequency

20 - 20,000 Hz

When frequency of forced oscillation is the same of natural frequency of an object thus bringing amplitudes to a maximum

Decrease of amplitude if sound wave due to nonconservative forces (friction, air resistance, etc). Not affect frequency

Mediums resistance to compression

Animal use of Doppler to detect time of sound return, frequency, location, and speed of object

Condensed wave front caused by object reaching speed of sound, release sonic boom (high pressure followed by low)

Use high frequency waves to compare relative tissue densities at their interfaces.

-increase blood flow to injury

- focus with parabolic mirror to eliminate tumors and kidney stones

-dental cleaning

-eliminate cataracts

Determine blood flow in body

Vector sum of all forces is zero. Result in constant velocity (can be zero) in same direction

Vector sum of all forces is zero. Result in constant velocity (can be zero) in same direction

Vector sum of torques is zero. All clockwise (negative) cancel out all counterclockwise (positive)

Point designated as zero potential energy position

Friction, drag, etc that are path dependent. Distance affects them. Their work is equal to ^E =^U + ^K

Constant p can make a block which area is work. Constant v has no work, just line vertical.

If irregular shape, break up geometrically to find area under the curve = work.

Work done by all forces acting on an object = change in kinetic energy of the object

Allow work to be accomplished through smaller force but over larger distance. Ex. Inclined plane, lever, pulley

Simple machine scenario:

F on object/F on machine

How high object must be lifted vs. displacement simple machine carries it through (2x load distance if pulley)

W out = W in.

Mgh/Fd

Radio, micro, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma

400-700nm

Light traveling in straight line if in homogeneous medium

Concave mirror with center of curvature and radius of curvature in front of mirror. Cause parallel incident rays to converge

Convex mirror with radius and center of curvature behind the mirror. Cause parallel incident rays to diverge

R/2

R= radius of curvature

1. Outside of F, inverted magnified I, in front of mirror but behind object (REAL)

2. Nothing when object at focal point

3. Upright, magnified virtual when object in front of F

Virtual, upright, reduced

+ if real (before mirror)

- if virtual (behind mirror)

+ if converging/concave/before mirror

- if convex/diverge/behind mirror

+ for converge

- for diverge

Farsighted. Opposite of myopia

Separation of various wavelengths of light (rainbow) because their wavelength difference cause index of refraction difference.

Dispersive effect from spherical lens, cause rainbow halo effect

Diffraction - spreading out of light as it passes through narrow opening or around an obstacle

Refraction-bend of light wave when enter new medium

Light reflect of outside of film interfere with light reflecting off inside of film. Rainbow. Similar effect to diffraction grating

Bend of light rays to create model of molecules. Dark and light fringes take on two dimensional image

Filters that allow only light with electric field pointing in particular direction to pass through

Uniform amplitude but continuously changing direction. Electric and magnetic fields perpendicular

Min frequency of light needed to hit a metal and eject its electrons

If freq less than threshold, no electron ejected.

If above threshold, electron ejected with max kinetic energy of “hf -hf*”. *= threshold

Absorb- photon if exact right energy cause electron to go into higher orbital.

Emission- atom release photon of same energy as electron drops back to lower orbital

UV radiation excites fluorescent materials’ electrons they then return to original state by two or more steps, each step release photon with lower frequency than the absorbed uv photon. Create visible light

Matter that was converted into energy when protons and neutrons joined to make nucleus

Proton and neutron

Force that attracts proton and neutron and can compensate for repulsive charges between the protons

The energy radiated away (as light, heat, etc) as nucleon forms, as this final state is lower energy than the proton and neutron separately. Highest at iron (also other moderate size nuclei)

Another one of the four fundamental forces of nature that contribute to stability of nucleus

A

X

Z

Number of protons and neutrons

Number of protons

Small nuclei combine to form larger nucleus, creates power and in turn mass defect

Larger nucleus splits into smaller one after absorption of neutron. Some release more neutrons and continue a chain reaction

Spontaneous decay of nuclei by emission of different types particles

Emission of 4He2 nucleus. Do not penetrate shielding

Neutron decay into proton. Atomic number increase by one. Atomic mass unchanged

Decrease atomic number. Mass number unchanged

Lower energy of parent nucleus but atomic number and mass number unchanged

Reverse of beta decay. Create daughter nucleus with reduced atomic number

Change in speed is diff of absolute values of speed initial and speed final

Its horizontal is sin and its vertical is cos. So although friction forces pull horizontally they are dependent on vertical Normal force

L in q=mL

Fnet= ma so Fup-Fdown =ma

always virtual, upright, reduced (ex. security mirror)/

alllllll options: real/virtual, upright/inverted, magnified/enlarged

outside of focal length=real/inverted/enlarged

at focal point = no image

(if w/n focal length)=virtual/upright/enlarged

upright, virtual, and diminished always