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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 5 stages of medication administration?
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a. ordering/prescribing
b. transcribing and verifying c. dispensing and delivering d. administering e. monitoring and reporting |
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Nurses and pharmacists are involved in which stages?
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b. transcribing and verifying
c. dispensing and delivering |
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Which organizations are involved in preventing medication errors and monitoring reports?
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The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), and the Joint Commission (TJC).
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ADE =
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adverse drug event
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A process that includes developing a list of all current medications that a pt is taking, a list of meds to be prescribed, comparing the lists, and communicating the list to appropriate caregivers.
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Medication reconciliation
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What are the six "rights" of medication administration?
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right drug
right dose right route right time right patient right documentation |
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The six rights should be checked before:
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administering any medication.
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Failure to achieve any of these rights constitutes:
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a medication error.
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A drug is:
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a chemical substance that acts on the physiological processes in the human body.
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fever-reducing
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antipyretic
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pain-relieving
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analgesic
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The generic name is:
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the official accepted name of a drug, as listed in the United States Pharmacopeia.
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What designation and where, indicates that the drug meets U.S. government standards?
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USP; after a drug name.
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How many generic names can a drug have?
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It has only one generic name; it can have numerous trade names.
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By law, a generic name must be identified:
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on all drug labels.
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The amount of a drug in a specific unit of measurement:
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Dosage strength
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Each drug has a unique id number, called the:
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National Drug Code (NDC) number
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The NDC is printed on __ places on the label and is also encoded in the:
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2; barcode
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The FDA estimates that the bar coding of prescription drugs reduces medication errors by:
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50%
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To help avoid errors, drugs should be prescribed using only the _______ name, or by:
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generic; using both the generic and trade names.
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To avoid medication errors the FDA, ISMP, TJC, and National Board of Pharmacy recommend the use of:
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TALL MAN lettering in drug names.
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TALL MAN letters are:
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upper cased letters used within a drug name to highlight its primary dissimilarities with look-alike drug names.
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What are the "three checks?"
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To avoid medication errors, carefully check the
drug label: 1. When reaching for the container. 2. Immediately before preparing the dose. 3. When replacing or discarding the container. |
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Never give a medication that is:
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expired or is in an unlabeled bottle.
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Can you use a calibrated dropper from one medication to dispense another med?
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NO!
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The dose determined by its manufacturer:
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the standard adult dose
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The standard adult dose may be stated as:
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a set dose or a range
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in a dosage range, the min. and max. recommended dosages given are referred to as the:
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safe dosage range.
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an estimate of the total skin area of a person:
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BSA (measured in m²)
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BSA =
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body surface area
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BSA is determined by formulas based on:
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height and weight
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Many drug doses administered to ________ or used for ________________ are calculated based on BSA.
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children; cancer therapy
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Packaging containing a single dose:
Packaging containing multiple doses: |
unit dose packaging
multidose packaging |
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The route indicates:
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the site of the body and the method of drug delivery.
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tablets meant to dissolve in the intestine rather than in the stomach:
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enteric-coated tablets
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When administered, enteric-coated tablets should not be ___________ by the pt. They should be:
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chewed or crushed; they should be swallowed whole.
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Can the contents of a capsule be emptied and taken mixed with liquid or food, if a pt has trouble swallowing?
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yes.
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SR tablet =
XL tablet = DR tablet = |
sustained-release
extended-release delayed-release |
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SR, XL, or DR tablets should never be:
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opened, chewed, or crushed.
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administration of a drug by absorption through the mucosa of the mouth:
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buccal administration
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administration of a drug by absorption under the tongue:
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sublingual (SL) administration
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a medicine in an alcohol soln.
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an elixer
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a medicine dissolved in a sugar and water soln.
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a syrup
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an insoluble drug in a liquid base:
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a suspension
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the administration of a drug into the gi tract via a specially placed tube, eg. NG, GT, or PEG.
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enteral
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NG =
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nasogastric
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GT =
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gastrostomy
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PEG =
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percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
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medication that are injected via needle into the body.
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parenteral medications
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The most common parenteral sites are:
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Epidural
Intramuscular (IM) Subcutaneous (subcut) Intravenous (IV) Intradermal (ID) Intracardiac (IC) Intrathecal |
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Epidural:
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into the epidural space (lumbar region of the spine).
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Intramuscular:
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into the muscle.
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Subcutaneous:
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into the subcutaneous tissue.
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Intravenous:
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into the vein.
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Intradermal:
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beneath the skin.
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Intracardiac:
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into the cardiac muscle.
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Intrathecal:
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into the spinal column.
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Cutaneous medications:
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medications that are administered through the skin or mucous membrane.
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Cutaneous medications include:
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Topical
Transdermal Inhalation Solns. and Ointments applied to the mucosa of the eyes, ears, nose, or mouth. Suppositories |
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Topical medications:
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medications that are administered on the skin surface.
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Transdermal medications:
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medications that are administered via a patch or disk applied to the skin. Applied for their systemic effects.
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Inhalation medications:
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medications that are breathed into the respiratory tract through the mouth or nose.
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Inhalation devices include:
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Nebulizers, dry powder inhalers (DPI), and metered dose inhalers (MDI).
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Nebulizer:
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vaporizes a liquid medication into a fine mist that can then be inhaled using a face mask or handheld device.
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DPI:
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a small device used for solid drugs; a fine powder is inhaled.
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MDI:
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uses a propellant to deliver a measured dose of medication with each inhalation.
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Scheduled medications for which an early or late administration of greater than 30 minutes might cause harm.
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Time-critical
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Scheduled medications for which a longer or shorter interval of time since the prior dose does not significantly change the medication's therapeutic effect or otherwise cause harm.
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Non-time critical
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When is the MAR is signed?
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Immediately AFTER the medication is given.
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An undesired physiologic response to a drug.
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A side effect.
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What needs to be written on the MAR after giving a medication?
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The drug name, dosage, route, time of administration, and Sign initials immediately!
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A directive to the pharmacist for a drug to be given to a pt.
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A drug prescription
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A directive to the pharmacist for the drugs prescribed in a hospital or other health care facility.
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Medication order (aka drug order and physician's order)
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Can medication orders be written or verbal?
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yes
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When are verbal medication orders usually taken?
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during an emergency.
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Medication order which indicates that the ordered drug is administered until a discontinuation order is written or until a specified date is reached.
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A routine order.
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An order prescribed in anticipation of sudden changes in a pt's condition.
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A standing order.
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What orders are used frequently in ICUs?
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standing orders; since pt's conditions can change rapidly there.
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A medication order for a drug to be given when the pt needs it.
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A PRN order
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A medication order that a drug is to be administered immediately.
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a STAT order
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What are the essential components of a medication order?
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-Pt's full name a DOB
-Date and time order was written (month, day, year, time) -Name of medication -Dosage -Route -Time and frequency of administration -Signature of prescriber -Signature of transriber |
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A form used by healthcare facilities to document all drugs administered to a patient.
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A Medication Administration Record (MAR)
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Computerized system where prescribers input medication orders and all other essential patient information directly into a computer terminal.
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Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)
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Drugs that contain two or more generic drugs in one form:
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Combination drugs
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How are controlled substances labeled on the drug label?
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There is a large "C" with the schedule number in roman numbers inside it.
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What must every drug order have?
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Drug
Dose Route Frequency |