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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
5 features of effective slogans |
1. Slogans should be memorable, use puns, catchy slogans, etc. 2. Slogans should recall and brand name: ideal; the brand name should be included in the slogan 3. Slogans should include a key benefit: Showcase one important feature of the product 4. Slogans should differentiate the brand Slogans should impact positive feelings for the brand |
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The 4 big factors that led to big changes in TV news at the Network level ("transition economy of network news") |
-New Ownership: leads to culture clash -Deregulation diminishes public interest standard -Networks are competing-drives down entertainment money -Success of 60 minutes |
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Ben Bagdikian |
-Had 25,000 media outlets in US -50 corporations -Worried about media consolidation |
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Media Industrial Complex |
-Base on the military -Idea the military and industry are working together -Collin Powers on the view -Head of military -The negative press around the decision of the mosque around 9/11 memorial was around the media industrial complex |
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How many global transnational media companies dominate the global media system? |
The big six by 2015 -Time Warner -The Walt Disney Company -News Corporation -Viacom -General Electric -CBS |
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Cultural Imperialism |
-Western media exporting cultural values -Culture transfer through media raises concerns about cultural imperialism |
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Corporate Imperialism |
-The value structure of corporation |
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Synergy |
Name of the game - cross-promotion across media |
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Cross Promotion |
The cooperative marketing by two or more companies of one another's products |
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Where did printing first develop? |
China - Block printing - 3rd Century |
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What was the Sarajevo Haggadah? |
One of the oldest "illuminated" Jewish texts |
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Who was Elizabeth Eisenstein? |
-Books made possible -Experiencing new ideas from the outside (religious texts, dictionaries, histories, stories, maps) -Readers became free-thinking individuals -The powerful fought back -But books couldn't be stopped |
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What were initial reactions to books? |
-Can control -Didn't like books -Wanted to keep books out of the hands of common folk |
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The significance of |
Paperbacks - Dime novels - Pulp fiction - |
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Trade Books |
-Make lots of $$$ -Fiction, non-fiction, classics, hobbies, art, cookbooks, how-to -Kid book series |
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e-books |
-Book-length publication in digital form consisting of text, images, or both -Read on computers, pads, pods, phones |
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Harry Potter |
-Most challenged book of 21st century -Challenged for: wizardry and magic, anti-family themes -Credited with: countering literacy |
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Illiteracy |
The inability to read or write. The lack of knowledge in a particular subject; ignorance. |
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Aliteracy |
The state of being able to read but being uninterested in doing so |
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Functional illiteracy |
Reading and writing skills that are inadequate "to manage daily living and employment tasks that require reading skills beyond a basic level |
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Cultural literacy |
Refers to the ability to understand and participate fluently in a given culture |
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Participatory Culture |
A culture in which private persons (the public) do not act as consumers only, but also as contributors or producers (prosumers) |
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Digital Divide |
Knowledge gap between "have" and "have-nots" based on socioeconomic status, location in world |
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Literacy rates in the U.S. |
20% of high school graduates are considered functionally illiterate (minimal reading/writing skills) 40 million adults in the U.S. are considered functionally illiterate |
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U.S. literacy rates compared to other countries |
We are below average |
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The correlations between literacy and incarceration |
The more illiterate the more likely they will end up in jail, also the poorer they will be |
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What did the popularity of portraits have to do with motion picture's beginnings |
-After seeing portraits, they wanted to see more. So they started taking pictures of civil war action, and of the American West. This led to large room projection. They used multiple cameras to study locomotion. -Created a habit of people gathering around to look at some things so when motion pictures came along they were already in the habit |
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What are the origins of motion pictures? |
Edison established motion pictures patents company |
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What did Eadweard Muybridge contribute? |
-Blends field biology and movie camera -Multiple cameras to study locomotion |
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How did Eastman and Edison work together, and what did they accomplish? How did their partnership contribute to the Hollywood flight? |
-Motion picture technology -Eastman: Film -Edison: Key commercialization -People went to hollywood to get away from Edison and lawyers -Also, California provided year round shooting |
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The significance about the Great Train Robbery |
-First popular western -12 minutes long -Creative editing -Beginning, middle, end |
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What were nickelodeons? |
-First Movie House -Nickel per movie -Factory studios resulted -Average attendance: once a week |
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What role did sound plan in film? Why were some groups concerned? |
-Expensive equipment -Dialogue important...action less -Voice criticalSound, sound effects, and music -essential -More elaborate -Concern for immoral film -Sound makes worse -Catholic legion of decency -Public pressure - bad economy |
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What film is credited as the first "talkie" and start films with sound? |
The Jazz Singer (1927) |
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How did the black film industry get its start? |
Noble and George Johnson -Portrayed everyday life Emmett Scott -Scholar, film pioneer -Financial failure -But inspired Oscar Micheaux -Author, film pioneer -Made 44 films |
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The Paramount decision did what? |
Broke up vertical integration |
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Film industry's response to television |
-Spectaculars -Color, widescreen -Technological gimmicks -Social realism -Audience segmentation: youth -Drive-ins |
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What are modern day film industry strategies? |
-Focus on youth/young adults -Movie sales to TV -Product placement -Sequels -Advertising/Promotion |
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What is the significance of rock 'n' roll? |
-See blending of black and white music styles -north and south -Racially motivated cover music fading as black artists finding success -White artists like Elvis Presley integrating black artists' styles into music |
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What group paved the way for the British Invasion |
The Beatles |
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What is the 'cover' phenomenon and impacts? |
-Racially covering other music -White people covering black artist music |
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How was Motown started and what group became a big star? What were the strategies that made Motown successful? |
-Berry Gordy Jr --Genius behind Motown -Recaptured audiences siphoned off by the British Invasion -Motown groups rivaled success of white groups for the top hits -Cultivated romance and dance over rock's --Rebellion and politics |
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What impact did cassette tapes have on album sales? What replaced Cassettes? |
-Album sales drop 20% -Demise of the album --CD's and MP3 files replaced cassettes |
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What were popular dance crazes during this time? Which popular TV shows or movies helped launch those crazes? |
-Motown -Country -MTV |
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How did MTV help the music industry out of its late 70s slump? What song is famous for the debut? |
-Allowed music to launch as a music video, created a new market -Video killed the radio star |
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CD became popular in the 80s and did what for the recording industry? |
Good for industry, initially couldn't record onto CD's had to buy more to have more music |
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What was Napster's role in piracy? The music industry's response? |
-Centralized location for illegally downloading song files -Music industry suffers, reacts poorly |
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An innovative response from Apple was? What happened to album sales as a result? |
-Itunes --Price standardization -Wiped out retail stores and album purchases |
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Protest music began when? Which Motown artist wrote War? What was he protesting? |
Motown -Recapturing audiences siphoned off by the British Invasion -Motown groups rivaled success of white groups for the top hits -Cultivated romance and dance over rock's ---Rebellion and politics War -Edwin Starr |
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80s and 90s saw a different sort of protest music. What was its message? Who are some prominent artists? |
-Music as a form of social and political protest -Songs protest perceived problems in society -Edwin Starr: War -Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young: Ohio -Country Joe and the Fish: I feel like I'm fixin' to die rag |
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Ohio was in response to what event? |
Incident that happened at Kent State, protesting against Vietnam war, 4 students shot |
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Group that formed in Berkeley in the 60s? Protest? |
-Country Joe and the fish. Performed at Woodstock - Protesting Vietnam war |
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Who won the contract for the first telegraph line? |
Samual Morse |
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The wireless telegraph patent was awarded to whom and when? This technology impacted ships in what way? |
Marconi Patent - 1896 Navy used it for commercial shipping |
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What did DeForest's audion tube change about wireless technology? |
There was voice and music transmission over airways. It evolved into commercial radio. |
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The wireless Ship Act of 1910 was a result of what event? What did it require? |
Titanic. Info would be transmitted to people, rather then just ship to ship. |
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The Titanic disaster wasn't helped by radio due to what gap in the wireless act? What changed as a result? |
People weren't listening to radios at all times, so none heard the ship call for help. Radio Act of 1912. |
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Who was David Sarnoff and what made him famous? How did this boost the perception of radio as a form of mass communication? |
Founder of NBC. Relayed titanic calls for help and told others about it. Made people aware of the importance of radio communication. |
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What did the radio act of 1912 require? |
Sea Based: Ships were required to have a "continuous watch" with at least 2 certified radio operators. Land Based: All broadcasters were required to have a license to operate. |
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The move to commercial radio begins when? |
Nov 2, 1920 The number of radios in homes from the 20s to the 40s grew -Harding and Cox - presidential debate |
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Congress established the Radio Act of 1927 and what commission to help with what issue facing radio frequencies? |
Federal Radio Commission |
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In 1934 Federal communications is established with jurisdiction over what entities? What is prohibited? |
Telephone, telegraph, television. Early Advertising ("Toll Broadcasting") Radio shows emerge with sponsors |
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What was the first network to emerge and who started? |
David Sarnoff NBC |
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How does the network system work? What programming instead of just music became popular with the advent of networks? |
Cost Sharing System. Advertisements. |
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What are PSAs and how did they come about? |
Public Service Announcements World War II Promoted Patriotism War propoganda |
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The Golden Age of Radio is considered to be what years? What changed? |
1930s and 40s. World War II. They had Public Service Announcements, advertiser-supported, culturally unifying, network-affiliate, cost-sharing system. |
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TV is first introduced at the World Fair in what year? |
1939 |
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Why did they use a transparent screen in the debut? |
So people can see what the inside looked like |
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FCC allocates channels for what purpose? |
To make sure freedom of speech and other first amendments aren't messed with |
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Which two networks were in existence by 1941? |
CBS and NBC |
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What happens after WWII in terms of TV home ownership and requests for channels by broadcasters? |
Family routines were unchanged. Everything was modeled after radio. |
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How did TV follow the radio model in terms of programming and sponsorship? |
They took famous radio shows like The Lone Ranger, Soap Operas, News, Sports, etc. |
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What type of shows were popular in the 1950s? What scandal occurred that changed they way TV sold advertising? |
Quiz and Game shows. Advertisers "fixed" the game show and gave the answers to one of the contestants. It eliminated advertisers' influence over programming. |
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Network era lasting during what years? |
1950s to 1970s |
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What is the first presidential debate shown on TV that likely influenced the outcome of the election? |
-Nixon and JFK -Changed how and why Americans picked their leaders |
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Three big networks, NBC, ABC, CBS, peaked in 1970s. What has contributed to their decline? |
HBO and WTBS |
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Termed the second coming of Networks, who launched CNN and what did it offer that had not previously been done? |
Ted Turner |
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When did cable TV begin and how did it impact the networks? |
1970s Declined Big 3 |
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DVR emerges in the late 90s. How does that change viewing habits? What incident showed a spike in viewership almost immediately following the live incident? |
Digital time shifting, Instantly replay live TV. Jackson-Timberlake Super Bowl Show |
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What is the 1996 Telecom Act and what does it accomplish |
Deregulated able, TV get V chip, TV ratings system ordered new TV standard |
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How are networks trying to make money now? |
Increasing product placement, Revisiting single-sponsorships |
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Why are reality shows popular with networks? |
Cheaper, popular with younger teenager genre |
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What are common adaptation triggers that can prompt an existing mass medium to evolve or change some aspect of how it does business? |
-Social and cultural changes - Consumer pref changes -Competition for new or existing media -New technology -Any change in legal or regulatory that affect how they do business |
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How many global corporations now control 90% of mainstream media in the United States? |
6 |
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The government policy change that led to fewer rules about things like how many radio and TV stations a single company could own is known as...? |
Deregulation |
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Historians consider printing to have first developed in what is now known as...? |
China |
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When creating an Ad for a product or service advertising should: |
Always tailor the ad message |
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An effective slogan should not: |
Impart negative feelings for the brand |
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What do rapper/rocker Ice T and the 1960s folk singer Country Joe have in common? |
Both used their music as a form of social commentary and protest |
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The Great Debates in 1960 between John F Kennedy and Richard Nixon signaled |
Television's grand entrance into our political life |
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The wireless ship act of 1910 did a lot, but there was a major oversight that became obvious when the titanic sank. Congress changed the regulations with the radio act of 1912. What was the oversight? |
Radios were not required to be constantly (24/7) monitored |
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Commercial radio was able to survive the emergence of TV by doing all of the following except...? |
Never allowing one company to own more than one radio station in a market |