Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which are the positive stranded RNA Viruses?
|
Retro Corona and Flavorful Cali Pizza ToGo :
Retrovirus Coronavirus Flavivirus Calicivirus Picovirus Togavirus |
|
What RNA have associated polymerases?
|
all negative stranded and the retrovirus has a RNA dependnet DNA polymerase
|
|
Viruses of the Retroviridae family?
|
HTLV (I and II) and HIV 1 and 2
|
|
What HIV clade is prevalent in the US?
|
Subtype B
|
|
What HIV clade is prevalent where infection rates are high (africa)?
|
subtype C
|
|
Gag codes for?
|
structural proteins (Group Ag)
|
|
pol codes for?
|
polymerases
|
|
env codes for?
|
glycoproteins
|
|
What encases the retrovirus genome?
|
the p24 protein forms the core around two RNA strands
|
|
What are the two RNA strands within p24 coated with?
|
nucleocapsid
|
|
What is within the p24 protein core?
|
the two RNA strands bound with nucleocapsid, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and t-RNA
|
|
What is the HIV target cell and receptor?
|
CD4 with CXCR4 on T-Cells
CD4 with CCR5 on macrophages and T-cells |
|
What chemokine receptors does HIV glycoproteins attach to?
|
CXCR4/CCR5 and CD4
|
|
What initiates fusion of HIV to host cell?
|
gp120 binding to CD4 and a chemokine receptor (either CXR4 or CCR5)
|
|
What happens after HIV-host cell fusion?
|
dsDNA is transcribed with the reverse transcriptase and migrates into the nucleus to be integrated into host chromosome with viral integrase
|
|
What is viral protease and why is it so essential for infectivity?
|
It cleaves itself out then cleaves out all the other proteins
|
|
How are HIV virions released?
|
by budding
|
|
Diseas caused by HTLV-1?
|
human t-cell leukemia via transformation of t-cells;
also tropical spastic paraparesis; |
|
Diseases caused by HTLV-2?
|
Hairy cell leukemia
|
|
Death due to HTLV-2 caused by?
|
infection or organ infiltration due to hairy cell leukemia
|
|
Clinical course of HIV?
|
1) 1-2 week incubation period
2) nonspecific viral symptoms before seroconversion for 4 weeks 3) Seroconversion at 8 weeks post exposure - Ab to p24 and gp41 4) latent 10 yrs with progressive destruction of TCells 5) AIDS |
|
HIV antibodies are against what?
|
p24 then gp42 then V3 loop
|
|
Definition of aids?
|
CD4 count <200/ul or development of AIDS defining opportunistic infections
|
|
Main reservoir of unrestrictive active infection of HIV?
|
lymphoid tissues especially around germinal centers with highest burdern early in infection
|
|
Why is HIV such a hard virus to eliminate?
|
there is such a high replication rate that mutations arise very frequently because of errors in REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE activity
|
|
What are quasispecies?
|
the continuous generation of variant strains (of HIV) within an individual due to transcription errors by reverse transcriptase
|
|
What three factors most dictate disease progress in an HIV patient?
|
1) emergence of quasispecies
2)recombination of HIV subtypes and co-infection 3) CD4 cell level and replicative ability |
|
Maraviroc
|
CCr5 inhibitor
|
|
Enfuvirtide
|
ENhibits FUsion of VIRus (ENFUVIR)
|
|
Reltegravir
|
inteGRAase VIRal inhibitor
|
|
-"anvir" or "-navir"
|
protease VIRal inhibitor
|