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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
psychoactive drug
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a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
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tolerance
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the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
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withdrawal
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the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
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physical dependence
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a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.
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psychological dependence
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a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
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addiction
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compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences
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depressants
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drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
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barbiturates
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drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment
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opiates
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opium and its derivatives such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
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stimulants
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drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
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amphetamines
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drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
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methamphetamine
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stimulant; euphoria, alertness energy; causes irritability, insomnia, hypertension, and seizures; a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
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Ecstasy (MDMA)
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a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Emotional elevation and dishinibition; causes deyhdrating, overheating, depressed mood, impaired cognitive and immune functioning; produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition
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hallucinogens
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psychedelic ("mind manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
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LSD
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powerful hallucinogenic drug also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide
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THC
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the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations
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near-death experience
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an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations
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Alcohol
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depressant; initial high followed by relaxation and disinhibition; causes depression, memory loss, organ damage, impaired reactions
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Heroin
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depressant; rush of euphoria, relief from pain; causes depressed physiology, agonizing withdrawal
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Caffeine
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stimulant; increased alertness and wakefulness; causes anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia in high doses, uncomfortable withdrawal
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Cocaine
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stimulant; rush of euphoria, confidence, energy; causes cardiovascular stress, suspiciousness, depressive crash
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Nicotine
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stimulant; arousal and relaxation, sense of well-being; causes heart-disease and cancer
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Marijuana
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mild hallucinogen; enhanced sensation, relief of pain, distortion of time, relaxation; causes impaired learning and memory, increased risk of psychological disorders, and lung damage from smoke
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hypnosis
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a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
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posthypnotic suggestion
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a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
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dissociation
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a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
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biological influences of hypnosis
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distinctive brain activity; unconscious information processing
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psychological influences of hypnosis
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focused attention; expectations; heightened suggestibility; dissociation between normal sensations and conscious awareness
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social-cultural influences of hypnosis
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presence of an authoritative person in legitimate context; role-playing "good subject"
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