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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
developmental psychology
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studies physical, cognitive, social change throughout lifespan
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zygote
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fertilized egg, 2-week period of rapid cell division into embryo
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embryo
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developing human organism 2 weeks to second month
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fetus
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developing human organism 9 weeks to birth
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teratogens
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agents, like chemicals and viruses, that can reach embryo or fetus and cause harm
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking, like noticeable face misproportions
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rooting reflex
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baby's tendency when touched on cheek to turn toward the touch
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habituation
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decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
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maturation
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biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
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schema
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concept of framework that organizes and interprets information
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autism
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disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind
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concrete operational stage
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Piaget's theory- stage of cognitive development (7-11 years) during which children gain mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
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formal operational stage
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Piaget's theory- stage of cognition (12 years) during which people think logically about abstract concepts
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stranger anxiety
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fear of strangers that infants commonly display at about 8 months
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attachment
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emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by seeking closeness to caregiver and showing distress upon separation
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critical period
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optimal period shortly after birth where exposure to certain stimuli produce proper development
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imprinting
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process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
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basic trust
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Erik Erikson- sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy, formed during infancy due to caregiver's responses
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self-concept
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sense of one's identity and personal worth
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adolescence
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transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
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puberty
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period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
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primary sex characteristics
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body structures for reproduction
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secondary sex characteristics
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physical nonreproduction characteristics specific to one gender, like facial hair for males
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identity
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Erikson- one's sense of self; adolescent's task is to solidify it by testing and integrating various roles
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intimacy
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Erikson- ability to form close, loving relationships (adolescence, early adulthood)
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Alzheimer's disease
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progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory reasoning, language, and physical function
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cross-sectional study
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study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
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longitudinal study
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research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
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crystallized intelligence
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one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, increases with age
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fluid intelligence
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one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly, decreases with age
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