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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the main cells associated with Asthma
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Esosinophils (IGE) allergies
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What are the main cells associated with COPD
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Neutrophils
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Asthma is described as airway hyperreactivity, and what medications do they response to
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Broncodialtors, and Inhaled corticosteriods
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COPD has NO airway hypereativity thus it does not respond well to
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bronchodialtors and inhaled crotciosteriods
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Peak flow zones are only used in what patients
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Asthma patients
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Peak Flow Zones, are divided in Green Zone, Yellow Zone, and Red Zone, are based on a percentage of what
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personal best (Green 80-100% of personal best)
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What are 3 types of Asthma
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Allergic
Exercise induced Norcturnal |
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What is MOA Of Beta 2 Agoinsts
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Increase CAMP (which decreases Ca+) and causes smooth muscle relaxation
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What is age children can first use Pirbuterol (MaxAir)
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12 or olders
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What are oral options for Short Acting B2 agoinsts (no choosen bc of systemic effects and shorter acting)
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Albuterol syrup, and tablets, also metaproteronol, and terbutaline
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What oral Beta 2 agoinsts have FDA indications for COPD
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Metaproternol (syrup) and Terbutaline tablets
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What are the long-acting Beta 2 Agoinsts
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Formoterol, Salmeterol, Albuterol ER tabs,
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Should the LABA ever be used ALONE in Asthma
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NO--
Can use alone in COPD |
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What are the common side effects of Beta 2 agonists
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Tremor, increase HR, and Hypokalemia--for oral
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What is Xopenex (Levalbuterol)
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R-albuterol isomer or activity
NO BENEFITS |
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LABA should only be used for the shortest duration possible and tapered off, and why must it always occur with other medications
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LABAs can increase risk of asthma related death
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What are available combination steriods/LABAs
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Advair (fluticasone/salmeterol)
Symbicort (budesonide/formoterol) Dulera (mometasone/formoterol) |
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What is time to maximal benefit with inhaled corticosteriods, and should always counsel on
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varies 2-3 weeks, rinse and spit mouth after use
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What are the mast cell stabilizers
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Cromoyln and Nedocromil
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Can the mast cell stabilizers be used for acute exacerbations
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NO
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How long to mast cell stabilizers take to wrok
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2-4 weeks to be effetive
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What are the Lueukotriene Receptor Antagoinsts
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Montelukast (singular)
Zafirlukast (Accolate) |
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What is the 5-Lipooxygenase Inhibitor
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Zileuton
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Are the Leukotreine modifers used for acute attacks
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NO
may be used in some exercise induced attacks |
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What is MOA oF Theophylline
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Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
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Theophylline is NARROW therapuetic drug, what is window (MUST KNOW)
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5-15 mcg/mL
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What are SE of Theophilline toxicity
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N/V, Insomnia, Tremors, HA, Confusion
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Theophylline has MANY drug interactions, what does smoking do
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decrease Theophylline levels
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What is MOA of Xolair (Omalizumab)
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inhibit the binding of IGE to mast cells and basophils
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What is role of Xolair
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moderate to severe allergic asthma not controlled well on other medications
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How is Xolair administered, and often
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SUBQ, dosed every 2-4 weeks
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What are potential benefits of IGE antibodies
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help reduce steriod use
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What is STEP 1 of Asthma
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SABA PRN
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What is STEP 2
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LOW dose ICS
or Luekotirene modifered or cromoyln |
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What is STEP 3
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MEDIUM DOSE ICS
or LOW ICS +LABA |
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What is STEP 4
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Medium Dose ICS + LABA
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What is STEP 5 (worse step)
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HIGH ICS + LABA + oral corticosteriod
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When should you consider stepping down in thearpy
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after 3 months of good control
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What is preferred treatment of children <6 years for asthma
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spacer with face mask or nebulizer with face mask
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COPD is a chronic disease characterized by what
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irreversible obsturction due to changes in lung tissue
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What is leading risk factor for COPD
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smoking
other less effects include occupations, and childhood illnesses |
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What are the mainstay thearpy of COPD
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broncodialtors
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What are the broncodialtors
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B2 agoinsts
Anticholingerics |
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What is MOA of Antichoinergic
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block the muscarinic receptor causing smooth muscle relaxation
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What are the SE of Anticholingerics
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Dry mouth, Dry eyes, and possible worsening of Narrow angle gluacoma
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Home oxygen is indicated for long-term therapy, and indicated with O2 stat <88%, and is their a mortaility benefit
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YES
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What drugs should be used in caution with COPD
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B-blcokers (non-selective), and respiratory depressants
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