Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the functions of the skeletal system? |
- provides shape and form for our bodies - supports, protects, allows bodily movement, produces blood for the body and stores minerals |
|
describe joints |
joints are junctions if bones that are connected by muscles and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Also know as articulation. |
|
What are the divisions of the skeletal system? |
- axial skeletal system - appendicular system |
|
What comprises the axial skeleton? |
- skull - rib cage - vertebral column - there are about 80 bones in the axial |
|
What comprises the appendicular skeleton? |
- upper and lower extremities as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdles. - the pelvic girdle is considered a component of either the axial or appendicular system and is actually a link between the two systems. - the appendicular skeleton encompasses approx 126 bones |
|
What are the types of bones? |
-long -short -flat - irregular -sesmoid bones |
|
what are the functions of bones during movement |
-leverage: bones act and perform as levers when acted on by muscles - provide support; translates into posture which is necessary for the efficient distribution of forces acting on the body. |
|
What is remodeling? |
the process of resorption and formation of bone |
|
what are osteoclasts? |
a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue |
|
what are osteoblasts? |
a type of bone cell that is responsible for bone formation. |
|
Describe the epiphysis of the long bone |
the end of a long bone which is mainly composed of cancellous bone and houses much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production. -one of the primary sites for bone growth; can be very vulnerable to injury during growth periods |
|
describe the diaphysis of the long bone |
the shaft portion of the long bone - predominantly compact bone (although the inside of the shaft is hollow) - the principal role of the diaphysis is support |
|
describe the epiphyseal plate of the long bone |
region of the long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis. - a layer of subdividing cartilaginous cells in which growth in length of the diaphysis occurs. |
|
describe periosteum |
a dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps (invests) all bones, except that of the articulating surfaces in joints, which are covered by synovial membrane. -contains nerves, blood vessels, and bone producing cells - plays a fundamental role in movement by providing the point of attachment for tendons. |
|
describe the medullary cavity |
the space that runs down through the center of the diaphysis and contains fatty yellow marrow that is predominantly composed of adipose tissue and serves as a useful energy reserve. |
|
describe the articular (hyaline) cartilage |
- cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones -hard, white, shiny tissue that (along with synovial fluid) helps reduce friction in freely movable (synovial joints). - fundamental for smooth joint action |
|
what are the categories of surface or bones markings? |
- depressions - processes |
|
describe depressions |
-depressions: flattened or indented portions of the bone which can be muscle attachment sites. A common depression is called a fossa (e.g. supraspinous or infraspinous fossa) |
|
describe processes |
- projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach. - Review page 29-30 |
|
the vertebral column consists of a series of irregular bones called vertebrae. These irregular bones are divided into what categories? |
- 1-7 (starting from the top of the spinal column are called the cervical vertebrae (cervical spine, C1-C7). These bones form a flexible framework and provide support and motion for the head - the next 12 vertebrae located in the upper and middle back are called the thoracic vertebrae (thoracic spine, T1-T-12). These bones move with the ribs to form the rear anchor of the rib cage. Thoracic vertebrae are larger than cervical vertebrae and increase in size from top to bottom. - below the thoracic spine are 5 vertebrae comprising the lumbar vertebrae (lumbar spine, L1-5). These bones are the largest in the spinal column, support most of the body's weight, and are attached to many of the back muscles. |
|
What is the bottom of the spinal column? |
the coccyx or tailbone -consists of 3-5 bones |
|
What are the functions of the vertebral column? |
-allows humans to stand upright and maintain balance -helps support the head and arms while permitting freedom of movement -provides attachment for many muscles, the ribs, and some of the organs and protects the spinal cord |
|
What is the optimal arrangement of curves for the spine? what are the major curvatures of the adult human spine? |
- neutral spine; a position in which the vertebrae and associated structures are under the least amount of load. -Three major curvatures: 1. a posterior cervical curvature: a posterior concavity of the cervical spine 2. an anterior thoracic curvature: a posterior convexity of the thoracic spine 3. a posterior lumbar curvature: a posterior concavity of the lumbar spine.
|
|
what is the triangular bone located below the lumbar spine? |
sacrum |