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199 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose.
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blood glucose levels that fall too low sognal the release of glucagon.
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A meat described as "prime cut" means that it
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is higher in fat than other cuts of meat.
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what type of fatty acid is found in high amounts in olive oil
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Monounsaturated
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which of the following body organs does NOT secrete digostive enzymes
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liver
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a weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kcal which includes 30g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat
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19
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what nutrient makes up most of lthe endosperm section of grains such as wheat and rice.
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starch
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by chemical analysis, what nutrient is present in highest amounts in most foods
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water
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The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of a population is termed the
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Recommended Dietary Allowance
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what are two major mutrients supplied by lthe fruit and vegetable group
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Vitamins A and C
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A diet survey of thousand sof people has shown that adequate intakes(s) from among the food groups occurred only for
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meat and vegetable
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which of lthe following is a characteristic of the appendix
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it stores lymph cells
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approximately how many kcalories are contained in a poind of body fat
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3,500
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which of the following is a common dietary saturated fatty acid
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Stearic acid
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when consumed in excess, all of lthe following can be converted to body fat and stored EXCEPT
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vitamin C
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waht is the primary function of lthe rectum
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Stores waste materials prior to evacuation
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which of the following is a component of all three dietary disaccharides
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Glucose
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which os the following vegetable oils is a good source of omega-3 acids
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Canola
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international units of enrgy are expressed in
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kilojoules
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What is the primary function of the rectum
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stores waste materials prior to evacuation.
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what are two major nutrients supplied by the fruit and vegetable group
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vitamin A and C
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A diet survey of thousands of people has shown that adequate intakes from among the food groups occurred on for
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meat and vegetable
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which of the following is a characteristic of the appendix
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it stores lymph cells
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approximately how many kcalories are contained in a pound of body fat
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3,500
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which of the following is a common dietary saturated fatty acid
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Stearic acid
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when comsumed in excess, all of the following can be converted to body fat and stored EXCEPT
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Vitamin C
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what is the primary function of the rectum
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Stores waste materials prior to evacuation
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which of the following is a component of all three dietary disaccharides
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Glucose
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which of the following vegetable oils is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids
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Canola
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internationa units of energy are explressed in
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Kilojoules
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what is the kcalorie value of a meal supplying 110g of carbohydrates, 25g of protein, 20g of fat, and 5g of alcohol
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755
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what is a normal range for blood glucose
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70-110mg/dL
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which of the following is a characteristic of cholesterol
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it is a precursor for bile and vitamin D synthesis
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which of the following plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestines
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Bacteria
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which of the following is known to be produced by small intestinal bacteria
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Vitamins
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which of the following characteristics is shared by olive oil and canola oil
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both contain high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids
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of the following foods which has the highest percentage of its fat in saturated form
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Coconut
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an oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configuration from
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cis to trans
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which of the following is a feature of polyunsaturated fats
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low melting point
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after swallowing, in what order does food pass through the regions of the GI tract
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Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon.
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which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond
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Monounsaturated
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what is the chemical compositon of fats
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fatty acids and glycerol
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which of the following foods would be placed in the "miscellaneous" category or food group plans
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Jam
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which of the following statements describes the glycemic effect of foods
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a measure of how fast and high the food causes the blood glucose to rise
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what is the first vessel to receive absorbed water-soluble vitamins
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Portal vein
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into what region of the intestinal tract does the stomach empty
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Duodenum
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which of the following nutrient sources yeilds more than 4 kcalories per gram
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Plant fats
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which of the following nutrients does NOT yield energy during its metabolism
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Vitamins
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a LOW risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of
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high-density lipoproteins
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overcooking a food is LEAST likely to affect which of the following groups of nutrients
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Minerals
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a MAJOR function of fat in the body is to
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protect vital organs
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gram for gram which of the following provides the most energy
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fats
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who much energy is required to raise the temperature of one LITER of water 1degree celcius
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1 kilocalorie
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which of the following is NOT a simple carbohydrate
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Starches
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which of the following contains the LEAST amount of fiber
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white rice
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the addition of liberal amounts of calcium to some commercially available orange juice products by juice processors is most properly termed nutrient
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fortification
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immediately after absorption what circulatory system carries the fat soluble vitamins and large fats
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Lymphatic
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all the following are classified as macronutrients EXCEPT
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Calcium
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what is the minimum daily amount of dietary carbohydrate necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown
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50-100g
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by law a serving size on beverage good labels is
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8 fluid ounces
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what structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow
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Epiglottis
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Which of the following is a featur of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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pregnancy increases the BMR
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which of the following products is NOT generated via TCA cycle or electron transport chain
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Ammonia
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what is the range of body fat content for normal weight women
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23-31%
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what element is found in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates and fats
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Nitrogen
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which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes
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Lipoprotein lipase
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which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells
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Metabolism
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which of the following can be used to guage the amount of a person's abdominal fat
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Waist circumference
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all of the following are sensible guidlines for diet plans EXCEPT
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eat rapidly to avoid prolonged contact with food
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after the first day or so of fasting, which of the following is most depleted in the body
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Glycogen
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what is the major factor that determines metabolic rate
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Amount of lean body tissue
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what is the relationship between body proteins and water
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proteins attract water
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the major cause of insulin resistance is related to
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excess body weight
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a common genetic variation which causes a change in amino acid sequence in the strucutre of hemoglobin leads to the disease
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sickle-cell anemia
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how many different kinds of amino acids make up proteins
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20
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an aerobic reaction is one that requires
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oxygen
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in the quest for achieving desirable body weight, adults have control over all of the following EXCEPT
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adipocyte number
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which of the following food proteins has the best assortment or essential amino acids for the human body
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Egg
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Excessive amounts of homocysteine in the blood are thought to increase the risk for
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heart disease
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what is the fate of excess dietary protein
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after absorpton, the extra amino acids will be repidly degraded
|
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which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidtion of glucose
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Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron transport chain
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what is the sequence of stages that brings about advanced liver disease caused by chronic alcohol toxicity
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Fat accumulation, fibrosis, cirrhosis
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waht is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people
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0.5-2lbs/week
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which of the following is associated with the presence of tissue edema in kwashiorlor
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Low concentration of blood protein
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what is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain
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Denaturation
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what is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells
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ATP
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when energy-yielding nutrients are comsumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of fat
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Fat, carbohydrate, and protein
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if a dancer and a typist are the same height and have the exact soame body build, the dancer will be heavier because she has
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more muscle mass
|
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Term used to classify amino acids in the dier include all of the following EXCEPT
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partially essential
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waht is the range of body fat content for mormal weight men
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13-21%
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the weight of the body less the fat content is known as the
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lean body mass
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when protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecules is
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stored as glycogen and fat
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in what region of lthe body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risks for cardiovascular disease and diabetes
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abdomen
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the feeling of satisfaction resulting from consumption of a meal is termed
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Satiety
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what is the primary action of the substance benzocaine, found in certain candy and gum and used as an over-the-counter weight loss aid
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it reduces taste sensations
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according to body mass index values, what fraction of the U.S. population is considered overweight
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1/2
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an index of a person's weight in relation to height is called
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body mass index
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the series of reactions involving the conversion of glucose to pruvate is known as
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Glycolysis
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as a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to assure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight
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1200
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which of the following defines the body's set point
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point above which tha body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight
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which of the following animal-derived proteins is classified as a poor-quality protein
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Gelatin
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Among the following, which has the greatest power to suppress hunger
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Apples
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if the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action
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protein synthesis will be limited
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what term is specific to reactions in which simple compounds are combined into mor complex molecules
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Anabolic
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which of the following is NOT considered to be a source of high-quality protein in human nutrition
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Corn
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when two amino acids are chemically joine together, the resulting structure is called a
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Dipeptide
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what is the primary organ that oxidizes alcohol for fuel
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Liver
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the number of ATPs that can be produced from a molecule of protein, fat, or carbohydrate is generally related to the number of atom of
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hydrogen
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protein hydrolyzing enzymes are commonly known as
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proteases
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what is the fate of excess dietary protein
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after absorpton, the extra amino acids will be repidly degraded
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which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidtion of glucose
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Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron transport chain
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what is the sequence of stages that brings about advanced liver disease caused by chronic alcohol toxicity
|
Fat accumulation, fibrosis, cirrhosis
|
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waht is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people
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0.5-2lbs/week
|
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which of the following is associated with the presence of tissue edema in kwashiorlor
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Low concentration of blood protein
|
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what is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain
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Denaturation
|
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what is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells
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ATP
|
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when energy-yielding nutrients are comsumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of fat
|
Fat, carbohydrate, and protein
|
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if a dancer and a typist are the same height and have the exact soame body build, the dancer will be heavier because she has
|
more muscle mass
|
|
Term used to classify amino acids in the dier include all of the following EXCEPT
|
partially essential
|
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waht is the range of body fat content for mormal weight men
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13-21%
|
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the weight of the body less the fat content is known as the
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lean body mass
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when protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecules is
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stored as glycogen and fat
|
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in what region of lthe body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risks for cardiovascular disease and diabetes
|
abdomen
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the feeling of satisfaction resulting from consumption of a meal is termed
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Satiety
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what is the most satiating macronutrient
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Protein
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During the first few days of a fast, what energy source provides about 90% of the GLUCOSE needed to fuesl the body
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Protein
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Some amino acids can link to each other by bridges made of
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sulfur
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which of the following is a feature of niacin nutrition
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High doses may lower blood cholesterol
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what is meant by the biovailability of a vitamin in food
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the amount absorved and subsequently used by the body
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which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy
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Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism cannot be transported to the cells
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which of the following vitamins is known to deactivate histamine, a substance that causes nasal congestion
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Vitamin C
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what is the average lifespan of red blood cells
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four months
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which of the following can tha body use to synthesize vitamin D
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Exposure to sunlight
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which of the following foods provides ample amounts of vitamin C
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Broccoli (the greener the better)
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why might vitamin C supplements be beneficial on treating the common cold
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it deactivates histamine
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which of the following is a feature of zinc in nutrition
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Pancreatic enzymes are rich in zinc
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which of the following is a general function of vitamin C
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antioxiadnt agent
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which of lthe folowing features do vitamins C and E share
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both function as antioxidants
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what is the primary function of the B vitamins
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Coenzyme participation
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which of the following is required for the absorption of dietary vitamin B12
|
Intrinsic factor
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at what age do adults normally befin to lose bone mass
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30-40 years
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Aldosterone and renin each function to promote
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retention of sodium
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Beriberi results from a deficiency of
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thiamin
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which of the following conditions or diseases are known to be caused by a deficiency ot the some nutrient
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Osteomalacia and rickets
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the coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin
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Riboflavin
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which of the following is tha mane of the vitamin A compound that is active in the visual response
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retinal
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vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions
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Night blindness
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which of the following is known to significantly affect the body's folate status
|
Some anticancer drugs
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As far as in known, vitamin A does NOT play an important roel in which of the following processes
|
Blood clotting
|
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what type of foods should be controlled in individuals takin anticoagulant medicines
|
Green leafy vegetables
|
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what is a free radical
|
A molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it contains umpaired electrons
|
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among the following calcium supplements, which is most calcuim-dense
|
Calcuim carbonate
|
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which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria
|
K
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which of the following would be the most appropriate food source of iodide for a person who lived inland
|
Iodized table salt
|
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how does antidiuretic hormone function
|
it stimulates water reabsorbtion by the kidneys
|
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research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of
|
folate
|
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general characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins include all of the following EXCEPT
|
they must be consumed daily
|
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factors that are sffective in refulating the body's water balance include all of the following EXCEPT
|
adrenaline
|
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which of the following shows the highest bioavailability for calcium
|
Spinach
|
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Commercially availabel zinc-containing lozenges are advertised to be effective against
|
the common cold
|
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In what chief capacity does vitamin K function
|
Blood clotting
|
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waht iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream
|
Hemoglobin
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what is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamins
|
Kidney
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when the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin
|
Tryptophan
|
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which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body
|
Beta-carotene
|
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which of the following regulates the level of calcium in the blood
|
Parathormone and Calcitonin
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what is the term for lthe pressure that develops when two solutions of varying concentrations are separated by a membrane
|
Osmotic pressure
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a deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth
|
Riboflavin
|
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On a per-kcalorie basis, which of lthe following foodsw is riches in vitamin B6
|
Vegetables
|
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what is the function of intrinsic factor in vitamin B12 absorption
|
it attaches to the vitamin thereby allowing absorption from the intestines
|
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what is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet
|
Salt added during cooking and at the table
|
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which of the following is a type of neural tube defect
|
spina difida
|
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what is the major extracellular cation
|
Sodium
|
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which of the following body structures helps to refulate thirst
|
Hypothalamus
|
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which of the following is known to require vitmin K for its synthesis
|
Prothrombin
|
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waht vitamin has been taken in large amounts by women in hopes of combating the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome
|
vitamin B6
|
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How much moderate intense exercise (minutes per day) is needed to help maintain a desirable body mass index
|
At least 60 minutes per day
|
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What % of US adults lives a sedentary life style?
|
25% are completely inactive.
|
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Muscle that increase in size in response to use is an example of
|
Hypertrophy
|
|
Athletes can safely add muscle tissue by
|
Weight training.
|
|
Two definitive indicators of physical fitness of older adults are strength &
|
Flexibility.
|
|
In weight training muscle strength can best be emphasized by what
|
High resistance (heavy weights) with Low Numbers (8 to 10 repetitions)
|
|
The effect of regular exercise on the heart and lungs is known as
|
Cardiorespiratory.
|
|
For maximum benefits of cardio endurance, episodes should be at least
|
at least 20 minutes.
|
|
What is VO2 MAX?
|
The maximum rate of oxygen consumption by an individual at sea level
|
|
What high energy compound acts as a reservoir of energy to maintain ATP
|
CP (Creatine Phosphate)
|
|
What is the predominate fuel used by muscle cells during low or moderate intensity activity?
|
ATP from FAT
|
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When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon called HITTING THE WALL what nutrients are most likely depleted?
|
Glucose Depletion
|
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Which of the following diets promotes superior physical performance in athletes
|
A diet that provides ample fluid and includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods in quantities to meet energy needs.
|
|
During physical active what hormone signals fat cells to release fatty acids?
|
The hormone epinephrine signals fat cell release.
|
|
What organ of pregnant women is central to exchange of nutrients and waste products with the fetus?
|
Placenta or Umbilical cord
|
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What connects the umbilical cord to the placenta?
|
Umbilical vein and umbilical arteries
|
|
A newly fertilized egg is known as
|
A Zygote
|
|
What term is given to the time period for which irreversible damage to the fetus may occur?
|
The Critical Period.
|
|
The neuro tube forms the early parts of the what? (2 structures)
|
Brain & Spinal cord.
|
|
The most common form or neuro tube defect are; Spina Bifida &
|
Anencephaly
|
|
Which of the following nutrients taken as a prenatal supplement has been associated with lower neuro tube defect?
|
Folate
|
|
What is the recommended range of weight gain during pregnancy for normal weight women?
|
25lb to 35lb (11.5kg to 16.0 kg)
|
|
To maintain physical fitness during pregnancy all the following activities are acceptable except
|
Exercise regularly (at least 3 times per week)
Warm up with 5 to 10 minutes of light activity. Exercise for 20 to 30 minutes at your target heart rate. Cool down with 5 to 10 minutes of slow Activity and gentle stretching. Drink water before, after, and during exercise. Eat enough to support the additional needs of pregnancy plus exercise |
|
Why is routine vitamin D supplement not recommended during pregnancy
|
Toxic to the fetus.
|