Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Polygamy
|
Mormon men could have several wives
|
|
Proselytisation
|
Mormons should convert others |
|
Politics
|
Mormon leaders should have the most political power
|
|
Property
|
Mormon church owned all property, not individuals
|
|
People of God
|
Obedience made the Mormons 'the chosen ones'
|
|
Kirtland, Ohio
|
Smith was tarred and feathered
|
|
Kirtland, Ohio
|
First Mormon temple built
|
|
Kirtland, Ohio
|
Mormon bank collapsed
|
|
Missouri
|
Mormons were anti-slave, annoyed slave owners
|
|
Missouri
|
Danites suspected of plotting with Indians
|
|
Missouri
|
Many Mormon leaders attacked
|
|
Nauvoo, Illinois
|
Mormons allowed army and laws
|
|
Nauvoo, Illinois
|
Smith runs for president
|
|
Nauvoo, Illinois
|
Smith destroys PP, arrested and killed
|
|
Joseph Smith
|
Founded the Mormon faith
|
|
Rapid expansion
|
People thought Mormons were recruiting too quickly
|
|
Deseret
|
Means honeybee, name of Mormon state
|
|
Salt Lake Valley
|
Dry, harsh conditions and unwanted |
|
Brigham Young
|
Took the Mormons to Salt Lake City
|
|
1896 |
Utah became a state
|
|
Homestead Act 1862
|
160 acres of free land for 5 years
|
|
Homesteaders |
Sod houses made of earth
|
|
Homesteaders |
Farmers paid to borrow sod-busters (plough)
|
|
Homesteaders
|
Buffalo dung used as fuel
|
|
Homesteaders' problems
|
Little or no wood
|
|
Homesteaders' problems |
Land too hard for light ploughs
|
|
Homesteaders' problems |
Lack of water - crops failed
|
|
Homesteaders' problems |
Extreme weather and plagues of grasshoppers
|
|
Female homesteaders |
Setting up farms and church groups etc
|
|
Female homesteaders
|
Education, housework and making goods e.g. candles
|
|
Companies in the West |
They built railways to attract more customers
|
|
Turkey Red Wheat
|
A new crop grown to combat problems |
|
Dry farming
|
Turning soil after there had been rain |
|
Texas Longhorn |
Crossbreed between English Longhorns/Mexican Criollos
|
|
Civil War
|
Many ranchers came back to loads of cattle
|
|
Cattle ranchers
|
Beef popularity increased in the 1850s
|
|
Four main cattle trails
|
Goodnight-Loving Trail
|
|
Four main cattle trails
|
Western Trail |
|
Four main cattle trails
|
Chisholm Trail
|
|
Four main cattle trails
|
Shawnee Trail
|
|
Long Drive
|
600,000 cattle driven North
|
|
Cowboy problems
|
Storms, river floods, stampedes
|
|
Joseph McCoy
|
Built Abilene
|
|
Cow towns
|
Violent - cowboys went there after the trail
|
|
Open range
|
No fences, cattle could graze freely
|
|
Cattlemen vs Homesteaders
|
Texas fever
|
|
Cattlemen vs Homesteaders
|
Homesteaders fenced their land, cattle drive was harder
|
|
End of bonanza
|
Better quality beef was produced elsewhere
|
|
End of bonanza
|
Quarantine laws
|
|
End of bonanza
|
Herds became too big
|
|
Cowboys
|
Had to deal with Indians
|
|
Cowboys
|
Were paid all at once - went wild |
|
Cowboys
|
Boredom and discomfort
|
|
State
|
Territory with 60,000 people
|
|
1890
|
Frontier closed
|
|
Outlaws
|
Treated as heroes for helping ordinary people
|
|
James Younger gang (Jesse James)
|
Robin Hood - stole from banks/railways
|
|
Wyatt Earp
|
Arrested for horse stealing |
|
Wyatt Earp
|
Killed three people
|
|
Wyatt Earp
|
Became a lawman despite criminal record
|
|
Vigilante groups |
Normal people who defended law and order
|
|
Johnson County War
|
Between homesteaders and cattle ranchers
|
|
Johnson County War
|
James Averill and Ella Watson killed (rustling)
|
|
Johnson County War
|
Regulators killed 2 rustlers, attacked by locals
|
|
Johnson County War
|
US Army rescued the regulators |
|
Settlers
|
Viewed the NA as inferior
|
|
Settlers
|
Brought disease to the NA
|
|
Good land
|
Taken by the settlers
|
|
Bad land
|
Left for the Indians
|
|
Reservations
|
The NA was forced onto these |
|
Cherokees
|
Became successful - forced out of Georgia
|
|
Fort Laramie Treaty
|
NA allowed the army to build forts along the OT |
|
Civil War
|
Attempts were made to recruit NA
|
|
Little Crow's War
|
Between US army and Santee Sioux (Dakota)
|
|
Little Crow
|
Reluctantly led his tribe in an uprising
|
|
Bozeman Trail
|
Ran through hunting grounds of Sioux
|
|
Railroad
|
Took land from the NA
|
|
Black Hills
|
Sacred to Sioux - gold rush there
|
|
Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
|
Raised NA force against Black Hills
|
|
Custer
|
Outnumbered by Indians 5 to 1
|
|
Winchester vs Springfields
|
Indians had better technology than Custer
|
|
Custer
|
His men killed by NA
|
|
Custer
|
Split his men by three
|
|
Ghost Dance
|
Thought to raise the dead, fight settlers
|
|
Sioux special shirts
|
Thought to protect them from white bullets
|
|
Battle of Wounded Knee
|
US Army attacked NA unfairly
|
|
End of frontier
|
NA couldn't hunt - needed government aid
|
|
Buffalo |
Almost wiped out by settlers
|
|
Alcoholism
|
Became common with NA
|
|
Education
|
NA children were sent to boarding school
|
|
Indian culture suppressed
|
Plural marriages and religious practices banned
|
|
End of the frontier
|
No more land, Indian reservations taken
|
|
Dawes Act
|
Convert tribesmen into farmers
|
|
Dawes Act
|
Broke up reservations into personal allotments
|
|
Low plains
|
East, long grass
|
|
High plains
|
West, short grass
|
|
Summer
|
Very hot and dry
|
|
Winter
|
Very cold and wet
|
|
Plateaux region
|
Flat and deserty |
|
Buffalo
|
NA used for meat
|
|
Buffalo
|
NA used skins for wool, clothing and tents
|
|
Buffalo
|
NA used dung for fuel
|
|
Buffalo
|
NA used bones for tools
|
|
Horse
|
Made it easier for NA to hunt/transport
|
|
Cheyenne |
Used to be farmers
|
|
Mandans
|
Farmed and lived in permanent villages
|
|
Tlingits
|
Relied on craft and trade
|
|
Navajos
|
Shepherds
|
|
Land
|
NA believed it could never be owned
|
|
Generosity |
Was important to NA
|
|
NA warfare
|
Used to gain resources and respect
|
|
Counting coup
|
Showed bravery, reduced death
|
|
NA women
|
Looked after agriculture |
|
NA women
|
Made most of the finished goods
|
|
NA women
|
Looked after the horses
|
|
Wakan Tanka |
NA Great Spirit - present in nature
|
|
Scalping
|
Removing the scalp of an enemy as trophy
|
|
Medicine Man
|
Had a connection to the spirit world
|
|
Oral history
|
NA didn't write anything down
|
|
Push factor
|
Poverty, disease, overpopulation
|
|
Push factor
|
Religious/social persecution, taxation
|
|
Pull factor
|
New start, government encouragement
|
|
Pull factor
|
Tales from West, fertile cheap land, gold/silver
|
|
Donner party
|
Took Hastings Cut off, most died
|
|
Prairie Schooner
|
Wagon used by emigrants
|
|
Manifest Destiny
|
God given right to move West
|
|
49ers
|
People who went West for gold
|
|
Service industries
|
Prostitutes, saloon owners, shop keepers
|
|
Mining towns
|
Everything was expensive
|
|
Miners' courts
|
No permanent prisons, immediate death sentences |
|
Mining towns
|
Very violent, a lot of claim jumping
|