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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The mortise projection in the diagnosis of ankle injuries:
- is a standard part of the ankle X-ray examination - is the AP projection in 20° of ankle external rotation - use only as an additional screening - is the AP projection in 20° of ankle internal rotation |
The mortise projection in the diagnosis of ankle injuries:
- is a standard part of the ankle X-ray examination+ - is the AP projection in 20° of ankle internal rotation+ |
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Fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia:
- are treated fundamentally conservative by reduction and plaster fixation - the most common type of osteosynthesis is intramedullary nailing - ere often open - development of compartment syndrome is never seen |
Fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia:
- the most common type of osteosynthesis is intramedullary nailing+ - ere often open+ |
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Diagnosis of fractures of the tibia diaphysis:
- is often already evident from the clinical examination – crepitations, pathological movement, swelling, pain, possibly a breach of the skin cover - the need is always to do a CT scan - X-ray diagnosis is usually enough by native frame in 2 perpendicular projections with capture of the need and ankle joint - we usually make at the operating room |
Diagnosis of fractures of the tibia diaphysis:
- is often already evident from the clinical examination – crepitations, pathological movement, swelling, pain, possibly a breach of the skin cover+ - X-ray diagnosis is usually enough by native frame in 2 perpendicular projections with capture of the need and ankle joint+ |
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Fractures of the ankle joint:
- are a combination of bony and ligamentous injury - one of the most common fractures of the lower limb - are the most typical fracture in osteoporosis - patients in middle age are almost absent |
Fractures of the ankle joint:
- are a combination of bony and ligamentous injury+ - one of the most common fractures of the lower limb+ |
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Fractures of the ankle joint:
- divided into three groups according to Weber - always treat conservatively by reduction and plaster fixation - division into types A, B and C is given by the relationship between the height of the fibular fracture line and the fibular syndesmosis - due to the nerve supply are not accompanied by pain |
Fractures of the ankle joint:
- divided into three groups according to Weber+ - division into types A, B and C is given by the relationship between the height of the fibular fracture line and the fibular syndesmosis+ |
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Treatment of fractures of the ankle joint:
- we strive for conservative treatment of reduction and fixation in plaster fixation in reduction position+ - in the case of conservative treatment, control X-rays during treatment are not performed - for unstable fractures, especially type B and C, and injuries of syndesmosis we treat by open reduction and osteosynthesis+ - the method of choice is nailing via calcaneus |
Treatment of fractures of the ankle joint:
- we strive for conservative treatment of reduction and fixation in plaster fixation in reduction position+ - for unstable fractures, especially type B and C, and injuries of syndesmosis we treat by open reduction and osteosynthesis+ |
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Pilon fractures of the tibia:
- it is a compression fracture of the distal tibia extending into the ankle joint - the balance sheet is a necessity preoperative CT scans to verify the amount and location of fragments - it is a low-energy trauma - account for 20% of all fractures of the lower extremity |
Pilon fractures of the tibia:
- it is a compression fracture of the distal tibia extending into the ankle joint+ - the balance sheet is a necessity preoperative CT scans to verify the amount and location of fragments+ |
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Ankle sprains:
- ligament injuries are divided into three levels – distension, partial rupture, complete rupture - always treat surgical revision and suture ligaments - is the most typical injury of women in the postmenopausal period - in most cases are treated with conservative plaster fixation with fixation length proportional to the degree of injury |
Ankle sprains:
- ligament injuries are divided into three levels – distension, partial rupture, complete rupture+ - in most cases are treated with conservative plaster fixation with fixation length proportional to the degree of injury+ |
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Rupture of the Achilles tendon:
- rupture is most commonly located in the sinewy parts about 3–5 cm above the insertion on the calcaneus - the most common site of injury is musculotendinous transition - there is always a bit of separation from calcaneus bone - usually are treated with revision, suture and plaster fixation or the suture and fixation brace |
Rupture of the Achilles tendon:
- rupture is most commonly located in the sinewy parts about 3–5 cm above the insertion on the calcaneus+ - usually are treated with revision, suture and plaster fixation or the suture and fixation brace+ |
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Fractures of the talus:
- a serious injury with risk of development of bone necrosis - it is the most common fracture in foot - fracture luxation and / or strong fragments dislocations are indicated for the most urgent surgical treatment - always treat conservatively with early mobilization and full weight bearing |
Fractures of the talus:
- a serious injury with risk of development of bone necrosis+ - fracture luxation and / or strong fragments dislocations are indicated for the most urgent surgical treatment+ |
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Fractures of the calcaneus:
- are not serious, mostly injured do not seek treatment - the most common mechanism of injury is a fall from a height and sprains - we use in the diagnosis X-ray in one projection and CT scan is not necessary - insufficient clinical and X-ray examination of fracture risk oversight and diagnostic conclusion as just ankle sprains |
Fractures of the calcaneus:
- the most common mechanism of injury is a fall from a height and sprains+ - insufficient clinical and X-ray examination of fracture risk oversight and diagnostic conclusion as just ankle sprains+ |
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Fractures of the calcaneus:
- it is the most common fracture in the tarsus - always carry a native X-ray projections in 2 planes and CT scan - due to structure of the calcaneus are almost absent - does not cause future problems for the injured patient´s |
Fractures of the calcaneus:
- it is the most common fracture in the tarsus+ - always carry a native X-ray projections in 2 planes and CT scan+ |
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Therapy of the calcaneal fractures:
- is always conservative - the current method of choice in young patients under 60 years of age is open reduction and plate osteosynthesis - it is not burdened with development of complications - in open fractures, fractures with strong comminution and in elderly patients we often perform closed reduction and pinning by Kirschner wires |
Therapy of the calcaneal fractures:
- the current method of choice in young patients under 60 years of age is open reduction and plate osteosynthesis+ - in open fractures, fractures with strong comminution and in elderly patients we often perform closed reduction and pinning by Kirschner wires+ |
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Metatarsal fractures:
- the most common mechanism of injury is subject to fall on dorsum of the forefoot - fatigue fractures occur mostly in 2 to 4 metatarsal - X-ray diagnosis is sufficient dorsoplantar native frame - we never operate |
Metatarsal fractures:
- the most common mechanism of injury is subject to fall on dorsum of the forefoot+ - fatigue fractures occur mostly in 2 to 4 metatarsal+ |
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Injury to Lisfrank and Copart joint:
- most common type of injury is sprains with the necessity of fixation in plaster casts or brace for 4–6 weeks - in the case of luxation is often luxation fracture - in current practice do not occur - are characterized by minimal pain without need to weight bearing reduction |
Injury to Lisfrank and Copart joint:
- most common type of injury is sprains with the necessity of fixation in plaster casts or brace for 4–6 weeks+ - in the case of luxation is often luxation fracture+ |
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Chopart joint:
- is the articulation between talus and cuboid - has a sigmoid shape - injury in this area do not occur - it is a complex joint of the calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joint |
Chopart joint:
- has a sigmoid shape+ - it is a complex joint of the calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joint + |
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Fractures of the phalanges:
- we treat mostly conservative by taping - carry out internal fixation of fractures especially of the base phalang of the thumb - operate substantially by plate fixation - always perform fixation by Kirschner wires |
Fractures of the phalanges:
- we treat mostly conservative by taping+ - carry out internal fixation of fractures especially of the base phalang of the thumb + |
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Metatarsal fractures:
- non dislocated fractures we treat conservatively by plaster fixation - displaced fractures usually are treated with reduction and transfixation by Kirschner wires or by plate fixation - the method of choice in the treatment is taping - plaster fixation must intervene to gluteal furrow |
Metatarsal fractures:
- non dislocated fractures we treat conservatively by plaster fixation+ - displaced fractures usually are treated with reduction and transfixation by Kirschner wires or by plate fixation+ |
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In chronic ankle instability:
- it is usually the fibular ligament or the deltoid ligament insufficiency and in diagnosis we use magnetic resonance - therapy is long-term fixation of plaster - a minimum of 6 months - we provide raffia of damaged ligaments, eventually ligaments plasty - after operational revisions and ligaments plasty we never use plaster cast and we recommend early full weight bearing |
In chronic ankle instability:
- it is usually the fibular ligament or the deltoid ligament insufficiency and in diagnosis we use magnetic resonance+ - we provide raffia of damaged ligaments, eventually ligaments plasty+ |
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Post-traumatic arthrosis of the ankle:
- we never see - we solve by ankle arthrodesis or by total arthroplasty - is an indication for amputation of the lower leg - manifested by pain, limitation of joint movement in the TC joint with the development of compensatory mechanisms of other small foot joints, and by swelling and ankle joint disfiguration |
Post-traumatic arthrosis of the ankle:
- we solve by ankle arthrodesis or by total arthroplasty+ - manifested by pain, limitation of joint movement in the TC joint with the development of compensatory mechanisms of other small foot joints, and by swelling and ankle joint disfiguration+ |