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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the two layers of fascia and characteristics of each
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superficial - loose, fatty
deep - thin fibrous, no fat |
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Extrinsic:
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muscle hat has it's origins outside an organ or part
ie: muscles in forearm run hand |
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Intrinsic:
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muscle that has its' origins outside an organ or part
ie: muscles in hand run hand |
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Process:
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used for muscle attachment
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Facet
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smooth spot located on a process
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fossa
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depression
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foramen
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hole or opening
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tubercle/tuberosity
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bump from muscle attachment
can be used for muscle reconstruction |
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name of C7 vertebra
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vertebra prominens
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general causes of curvatures of vertebral column
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development and support
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why is the vertebral column curved
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to better support our weight
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name 3 abnormalities of vertebral column
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scoliosis
kyphosis lordosis |
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scoliosis
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CURVED BACK - most common it is a abnormal lateral curvature (typically in thoracic region)
Cause: development |
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kyphosis
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HUNCH BACK - exaggerated thoracic curvature
Cause: old age, osteoporosis, vertebral compression |
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lordosis
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SWAY BACK - protrusion of abdomen and buttocks
Cause: pregnancy; obesity |
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name 3 three functions of vertebra
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support body weight
restrict movement protect spinal cord |
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articular:
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when one bone meets another
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what two structures comprise the “vertebral arch?”
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lamina
pedicle |
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fcn of vertebral arch
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protects spinal cord
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how do spinal nerves travel
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intervertebral foramen
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what houses the spinal cord
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vertebral foramen
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characteristics of cervical vertebra
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bifid spinous process
support weight of head transverse foramen |
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characteristics of thoracic vertebra
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no transverse foramen (foramina)
no bifid SP costal facets - articulate w/ rib long inferiorly pointing SP heart shaped body |
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characteristics of lumbar vertebra
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massive to support weight
no transverse foramina no costal facets "extra" processes for mm attachment |
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characteristics of coccyx vertebra and how many are there
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fused
no vertebral canal tailbone 3-5 |
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fcn of transverse foramen
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protective passageway for vertebral arteries
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two special characteristics of C1- atlus
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no bifid spinus process
lacks body |
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where are costal facets located
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body and transverse processes of vertebra
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fcn of annulus fibrosus
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sticks one vertebra to another
*has fibrocartilage point |
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fcn of nucleus pulposus
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shock absorber
allows for movement |
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features of nucleus pulposus
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more elastic
not centered in disk high H20 content (dec w/ age) |
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characteristics of anterior longitudinal ligament
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strong
anterior side of centra extends form occipital none to sacrum |
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fcn of anterior longitudinal ligament
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prevent hyperextension of vertebral column
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characteristics of posterior longitudinal ligament
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narrower, weeker
posterior side of centra extends from C2 to sacrum |
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fcn of posterior poster longitudinal ligament
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prevents hyperflextion and herniation of disc
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fcn of ligamentum flavum
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connects laminae of vertebra
maintains erect position of vertebral column |
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fcn of superficial back muscles
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connect upper limb to trunk
move/stabilize pectoral girdle or move arm |
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where do most people herniate a disc
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between:
L4/L5 or L5/S1 |
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how do you get whiplash
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violent hyperextension of neck
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what three deep back muscles aid in respiration (secondarily)
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serratus posterior superior - elevates ribs
serratus posterior inferior - depresses ribs levator costurm - elevates rib |
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what two groups of muscles make up the true or intrinsic mm of back
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erector spinae
transversospinalis |
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what muscles make up the transversospinalis
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semispinalis
multifidus rotatores |
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what muscles cause movement at atlanto-occipital joint
all fcn in extension of head/neck |
rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitis posterior minor oblique capitis superior |
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what muscles cause movement at atlantoaxial joint
all fcn in rotation of head/neck |
rectus capitis posterior major
oblique capitis inferior |
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which gluteal muscles do NOT fcn in lateral rotation of thigh
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gluteus medius
gluteus minimus tensor fasciae latae |
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what two nerves are part of the sciatic
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tibial fibular
common fibular |
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fcn of dura mater
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provide stability to spinal cord
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fcn of CSF (from subarachnoid space)
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shock absorber
diffusion medium |
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fcn of pia matter
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contains network of blood vessels that supply spinal cord
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fcn of decticulate ligaments
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connect pia to dura mater
stabilize lateral movement of spinal cord |
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what are the two types of neural tissue in brain and spinal cord
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white matter
gray matter |
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how does info move in white and gray matter
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white- up and down via columns
gray - in and out via horns |
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where is a spinal tab performed
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between L2 and sacrum in subarachnoid space to remove CSF
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damage to spinal nerve will produce
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loss of sensation
paralysis |
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example of monosynaptic reflex
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stretch reflex (knee jerk)
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example of polysynaptic reflex
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Golgi tendon reflex
withdraw reflex pain |
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spinal reflex arc
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pathway of sensory impulses from receptors to effector with first going to brain
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