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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Zone of coagulation
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area in a burn nearest the heat source that sufferes the most damaged and is characterized by clotted blood and thrombosed blood vessels
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Zone of stasis
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area in a burn surrounding the zone of coagulation that is characterized by decreased blood flow
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Zone of hyperemia
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area peripheral to a burn that is characterized by increased blood flow
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3 considerations for thermal burns
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Temperature
Heat energy substance possesses Length of its contact time |
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Stages of a burn
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Emergent phase
Fluid shift phase Hypermetabolic phase Resolution phase |
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Emergent phase
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first stage of the burn process that is characterized by a catecholamine release and pain-mediated reaction
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Fluid shift phase
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Stage of burn process in which there is a massive shift of fluid from the intravascular space to extravascular space
up to 24 hours peak reached at 6-8 hours |
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Hypermetabolic phase
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stage of the burn process in which there is an increase in metabolism in an attempt by the body to heal the burn
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Resolution phase
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final stage of the burn prodcess in which scar tissue is laid down and the healing process is completed
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Parkland burn formula
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4ml x kg x BSA burned = amount of fluid in 24 hours
Half of amount is in first 8 hours |
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Prehospital bolus for burn formula
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.25ml x kg x BSA burned= amount of fluid for transport
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Ohm's Law
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the physical law identifying that the current in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance
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Voltage
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difference of electrical potential between two points with different concentration of electrons
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current
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The rate of flow of an electrical charge
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Ampere
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basic unit for measuring the strength of an electrical current
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resistance
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property of a conductor that opposes the passage of electrical energy
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Ohm
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basic unit for measuring the strength of electrical resistance
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Joule's law
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the physical law stating the rate of heat production is directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit and to the square of the current
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Coagulation necrosis
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the process in which an acid, while destroying tissue, forms an insoluble layer that prevents further damage
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Liquefaction necrosis
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the process in which an alkali dissolves and liquefies tissue
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Ionizing radiation
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electromagnetic radation (x-ray) or particulate radation (alpha, beta particles and neutrons)
Can penetrate body cells and kill them with enough dosage |
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Types of Radiation
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Alpha: weak, stopped by minor objects, clothing or epidermis
Beta: more powerful than alpha Gamma: most powerful ionizing radiation Great penetrating power and requires thick concrete or lead shielding |
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Gray
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Gy
a unit of absorbed radiation dose equal to 100 rads |
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RAD
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radiation absorbed dose
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Systemic Complications of Burns
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Hypothermia
Hypovolemia Eschar Infection Organ Failure |
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Clean vs. Dirty Radiation Exposure
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Clean: exposed to radtion but not contaminated by radioactive particles, liquids, gases or smoke
Dirty: contaminated by radioactive particles. |
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RAD
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Radiation absorbed dose
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Gy
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Gray
A unit of absorbed radiation dose equal to 100 rads |
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REM
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A gague of the likely injury to the irradiated part of an organism
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Rules affecting exposure to radiation
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Time
Distance Shielding from source |
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Airway Thermal Burn
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Mostly upper airway due to absorption of heat.
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Superheated steam
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greater heat content than air and can lead to lower airway burns
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Superficial Burn
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a burn that only involves the epidermis
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Partial-thickness burn
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burn in which the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is involved.
redness and blistering |
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Full-thickness burn
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Damage to all layers of skin
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Minor Burn
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Superficial : less than 50% BSA
Partial thickness: BSA under 15% Full: less than 2% BSA |
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Moderate Burn
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Superficial: over 50%
2nd : under 30% 3rd: under 10% |
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Critical Burn
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2nd: over 30%
3rd: over 10% Any partial- or full-thickness involving hands, feet, joints, face, or genitalia. |
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Phenol exosure
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Sticky and insoluble in water
Alcohol dissolves and then irrigate with H20 |
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Dry Lime
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Brush off as much as possible
Irrigate |
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Sodium
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Highly reactive with air
Brush pt and then cover with oil from storage |
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Riot control (mace)
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Irrigation with normal saline
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Management of chemical burns
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Flush/irrigate unknown substances for at least 20 minutes and remove any exposed clothing
Do not use antidote or neutralizing agent |
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Eyes and chemical burns
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watch for blepharospasm
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