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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are general senses? |
Temperature, pain, touch, stretch, and pressure |
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What are special senses? |
Gustation, olfaction, vision, equilibrium, and audition |
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Stimuli are detected by... |
receptors |
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Where are tactile receptors located? |
In the dermis and hypodermis |
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Tactile receptors are... |
mechanoreceptors that react to touch, pressure, and vibration |
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Papillae |
Filiform - anterior 2/3 tongue, no taste buds Fungiform - tip and sides of tongue, few taste buds (only one with tastebuds on top) Circumvallate - back of tongue, largest Foliate - lateral tongue, taste buds during infancy |
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What are the 3 types of taste bud cells? |
Gustatory cells Supporting cells Basal cells |
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Gustatory cells |
Chemoreceptors Replaced every 7-10 days |
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Basal cells |
Immature, replace the other two types |
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The five flavors detected over broad regions of the tongue are... |
Salty Sweet Sour Bitter Umami (savory) |
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Olfaction |
Olfactory neurons - chemoreceptors, bipolar neurons Supporting cells Basal cells - stem cells for renewal of other cells Thousands of chemical stimuli can be recognized |
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What are the accessory structures of the eye? |
Conjunctiva Eyebrows, eyelashes, and palpebrae (eyelids) Lacrimal system Tarsal glands |
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What does conjunctiva cover? |
Eye's anterior surface and internal eyelid surface |
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What is the purpose of eyebrows, eyelashes, and palpebrae? |
Prevents foreign objects from contacting the eye |
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Which chamber(s) is filled with aqueous humor? |
Anterior chamber Posterior chamber |
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Which chamber(s) is filled with vitreous humor? |
Vitreous chamber |
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The anterior chamber is between... |
cornea and iris |
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The posterior chamber is between |
iris and lens |
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What is a major cause of blindness? |
Cataracts |
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What happens during a cataract? |
Lens becomes opaque |
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What are the causes of cataracts? |
Aging Diabetes UV exposure Glaucoma (disease that damages the optic nerve) Eye infections |
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What is the treatment for a cataract? |
Artificiallens |
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What makes up the fibrous tunic of the eye? |
Sclera Cornea |
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What makes up the vascular tunic of the eye? |
Choroid Ciliary body Suspensory ligaments Iris |
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What makes up the neural tunic of the eye? |
Retina (photoreceptors) |
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Photoreceptors have ____ and _____. What do they do? |
Rods: function in dim light, don't provide sharp vision or color vision, more numerous than cones Cones: operate best in bright light, provide high acuity color vision |
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What are the retinal regions? |
Macula lutea - contains mostly cones Fovea centralis - contains only cones, maximal visual acuity Optic disc - contains no rods or cones, axons exit eye, blind spot |
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What is macular degeneration? |
When the eye gets blurry |
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What is the function of ceruminous glands? |
Produce cerumen (earwax) Earwax impedes microorganism growth |
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Which muscles contract and cling when it's loud so that the ear drum doesn't vibrate so much? |
Stapedius muscle and tensor tympanic muscle |
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Otitis Media |
Infection of the middle ear More common in children because their auditory tubes are horizontal (bacteria from a throat infection can migrate through the auditory tube into the middle ear) Less common in adults because their auditory tubes are more verticle |
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Vestibule |
Utricle and saccule Detects acceleration and deceleration Helps sense eqilibrium |
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Semicircular canals |
Detect rotational movements Help sense equilibrium |
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Cochlea |
Senses audition |