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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Temporal Artery is palpated
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In front of the Ear
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The Carotid Artery is palpated
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Groove between the sternomastoid muscle & trachea (neck)
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Brachial artery is palpated
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Runs in the biceps-triceps furrow of the upper arm & surfaces at the antecubital fossa in the elbow (where you listen for B/P)
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Radial artery is palpated
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just medial to the radius at the wrist
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Ulnar artery is palpated
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just medial to the ulna at the wrist, but deep and difficult to locate
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Femoral artery is palpated at
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palpated just past the inguinal ligament (inner thigh/pelvic area--groin)
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Popliteal artery is palpated at
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Lower thigh, behind the knee
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Dorsalis Pedis artery is palpated at
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The dorsal arch (top of foot)
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Posterior Tibial artery is palpated at
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behind the medial malleolus (inner ankle area)
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The 9 accessible arteries are
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Temporal, Femoral, Carotid, Popliteal,
Brachial, Dorsalis Pedis, Radial, Posterior Tibial, Ulnar |
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Capacitance Vessels are:
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Veins. Called capacitance vessels because of their ability to stretch and reduce stress on the heart
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Jugular Veins
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Two veins present on each side of the neck. (Internal & External). Internal lies deep & external lies superficial
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Superficial & Deep veins of the arm
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The superficial veins are in the subcutaneous tissue and are responsible for most of the venous return
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Femoral & Popliteal Veins of the leg
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Deep veins running alongside the arteries and conduct most of the venous return from the legs.
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Great & Saphenous veins of the leg
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Superficial veins found to the sides of the leg. Great vein noted in front of the medial malleolus. Small saphenous noted on the lateral side of the dorsum
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Subjective Information to be gained in the peripheral vascular assessment
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Pain, Cramps, Skin Changes, Lymph node enlargement, past medical history, Temperature changes, TED hose use, numbness or tingling, oral contraceptive (OCP) use, smoking, Hormone Replacement (HRT)
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Objective Information to be gained in the peripheral vascular/ lymphatic assessment
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Skin/hair changes, Capillary Refill, temperature, measure calf size (bilateral), grade pulses, auscultation of bruits
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Homan's Sign
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Calf pain that occurs when the foot is sharply dorsiflexed (pushed up); may indicate Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), phlebitis, Achilles Tendinitis, or muscle injury
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Edema
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Swelling or collection of fluid, graded as follows:
1+ Mild pitting, slight indentation 2+ Moderate pitting, Indentation fades quickly 3+ Deep pitting, Indentation remains for a short time, looks swollen 4+ Very Deep Pitting, Indentation lasts long time, very swollen |
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Coolness vs. Heat in assessing veins & arteries
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Unilaterally, coolness may indicate an arterial deficit (poor circulation). Heat may be an indicator of inflammation.
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Modified Allen Test
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Used to evaluate the adequacy of collateral circulation prior to cannulating the ulnar radial artery. Occlude both the ulnar and radial arteries while patient makes a fist several time. Patient then opens hand. Return to normal color in 2-5 seconds is normal
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Manual Compression Test
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Testing competency of vericose vein. Place one hand on lower vericose vein, then compress with other hand about 15cm higher. If no wave is felt, valves are competent
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Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
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Use a B/P cuff above the ankle and a doppler to listen for systolic B/P on tibial or dorsalis artery. Divide that # by systolic # from brachial (arm) b/p. Normal ABI is 1.0 to 1.2. Indicates extent of peripheral vascular disease.
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Aneurysm
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Defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to athlerosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect
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Arrhythmia
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Variation from the heart's normal rhythm.
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Arteriosclerosis
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Thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
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Athlerosclerosis
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Plaques of fatty deposits formed in the inner layer (intima) of the arteries
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Bruit
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Blow, swooshing sound heard througha stethescope when an artery is partially occluded
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Profile Sign
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Viewing the finger from side to side to detect early clubbing
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Pulsus alternans
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Regular rhythm, but force of pulse varies with alternating beats of large and small amplitude
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Pulsus Bigeminus
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Irregular rhythm, every other beat is premature, premature beats have weakened amplitude
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Pulsus Paradoxus
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Beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration
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Thrombophlebitis
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Inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation
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Varicose vein
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dilated toruous veins with incompetent valves.
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A function of the venous system is
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To hold more blood when volume increases
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The organs that aid the lymphatic system are
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Spleen, tonsils, thymus
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Ms. T has come for a prenatal visit. She complains of dependent edema, varicosities in the legs and hemorrhoids. The best response is:
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The symptoms are caused by pressure of the growing uterus on teh veins. They are the usual conditions of pregnancy
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A pulse with an amplitude of 3+ would be considered.
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Increased
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Inspection of a person's right hand reveals a red, swollen area. To further assess for infection, you would palpate the:
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Epitrochlear Node
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In order to screen for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), you would:
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Measure the widest point with a tape measure
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During the examination of the lower extremities, you are unable to palpate the popliteal pulse. You should:
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Proceed with the examination. It is often impossible to palpate this pulse.
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While reviewing a medical record, a notation of 4+ edema of the right leg is noted. The best description of this type of edema is:
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Very Deep Pitting, indentation lasts a long time.
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The examiner wishes to assess for arterial deficit in the lower extremities. After raising the legs 12 inches off the table & then having the patient sit up & dangle the leg, the color should return in :
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10 seconds or less
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A 54 year old woman with five children has varicose veins of the lower extremities. Her most characteristic sign is:
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Dilated, tortuous superficial bluish vessels.
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Atrophic skin changes that occur with peripheral arterial insufficiency include:
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Thin, shiny skin with loss of hair
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Intermittent claudication is:
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Muscular pain brought on by exercise
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A known risk factor for venous ulcer development is:
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Obesity
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Brawny edema is:
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Non pitting
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3 Mechanisms that help return venous blood to the heart:
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1.Contracting skeletal muscles that "Milk" the blood back to the heart.
2.The pressure gradient caused by breathing. 3. Intraluminal valves,unidirectional flow. |
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Cervical Lymphatic nodes:
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Drain the head and neck.
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Axillary nodes
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Drain the breast and upper arm.
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Epitrochlear node
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Located in the antecubital fossa and drains the hand and lower arm.
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Inguinal nodes.
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Located in the groin. Drain most of the lymph of the lower extremity, the external genitalia, and the anterior abdominal wall.
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