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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the mechanism of action of Hemicholonium?
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blocks choline uptake, limiting Ach production
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What is the mechanism of action of Vesamicol?
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blocks Ach storage
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What is the mechanism of action of Botox?
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Blocks ACh release
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What is the mechanism of reserpine?
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blocks dopamine storage
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What is the mechanism of action of Cocaine?
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blocks reuptake of NE
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What is the mechanism of action of TCAs?
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blocks reuptake of NE
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What is the mechanism of action of Guanethidine?
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blocks NE release
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What is the mechanims of action of Amphetamines?
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increases NE release
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What is the mechanism of Bethanechol?
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Cholinomimetic- direct agonist
Activates Bowel and Bladder smooth muscle; resistant to AChE Postop and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention |
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What is the mechanism of action of Carbachol (pilocarpine)
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Cholinomimetic- direct agonist
Activates ciliary muscle of ey (open angel), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle); resistant to AChE Glaucoma |
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What is the mechanism of action of neostigmine?
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Anticholinesterase- increases endogenous ACh
Postop and neurogenic ileus; urinary retention, MG, reversal of NMJ block |
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What is the mechanism of action of Pyridostigmine?
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anticholinesterase- increase in endogenous ACh, strength
MG |
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What is the mechanism of action of Edrophonium?
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AntiAChE
Short acting- diagnosing MG |
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What is the mechanism of Physostigmine?
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AntiAChE
glaucoma (crosses BBB-> CNS) atropine overdose |
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What is the mechanism of Echothiophate?
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AntiAChE
glaucoma |
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What are the symptoms of AChE ihibitor poisoning?
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SLUD
Salivating Lacrimation Urination Diarrhea DUMBBELSS Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bronchospasm Bradycardia Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS Lacrimation Sweating Salivation Giver atropine and pralidoxime (regens cholinesterase) |
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What is the mechanism of atropine?
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Cholinorecptor blocker
used on the eye to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia Homatropine/tropicamide also |
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What is the mechanism of benzotropine?
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Cholinoreceptor blocker
used in the CNS Parkinsons |
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What is the mechanism of scopolamine?
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Cholinoreceptor blocker
used in the CNS Motion sickeness |
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What is the mechanism of Ipratropium?
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Cholinoreceptor blocker
used for respiratory ashtma, COPD |
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What is the mechanism of Methscopolamine?
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ACh blocker
GU system reduce urgency in mild cystitis, reduce bladder spasms. |
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What are the systemic effects of atropine?
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Eye- pupil dilation, cycloplegia
Airway- decreased secretions Stomach- decreased acid secretion Gut- decreased motility Bladder- decreased urgency Toxicity- Hot as a stove Dry as a bone- dry mouth Red as a beet- dry, flushed skin Blind as a bat- cycloplegia Mad as a hatter- disorientation Can cause glaucoma, urinary retention, hyperthermia in infants |
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What is the mechanims of Hexamethonium?
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nAChR antagonist
Ganglionic blocker. prevents vagal reflex responses to changes in blood pressure.- prevents reflex bradycardia caused by NE. |
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What receptors does epinephrine act on?
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alpha1,2 and B1,2
used for anaphylaxis, glaucoma, asthma, hypotension |
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What receptors does NE act on?
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alpha1,2, B1
used in hypotension, but decreases renal perfusion. |
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What is the mechanism of action of Isoproterenol?
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agonist of B1,2 receptors; used for AV block
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What receptors does Dopamine act on?
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D1,3>B>alpha
Sochk to increase renal perfusion, heart failure |
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What is the mechanism of action of Dobutamine?
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acts on B1>B2 receptors
Shock, heart failure |
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What is the mechanism of apmhetamine?
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Indirect general agonist, releases sotred catacholamines
Used for narcolepsy, obesity, ADD |
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What is the mechanism of Ephedrine?
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Inderect general agonist, releases stored catecholamines
Used for nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension |
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What is the mechanism of Phenylephrine?
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works on Alpha1>alpha2
Pupil dilator, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion |
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What is the mechanism of albuterol, terbulatine
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B2>B1
asthma |
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Wha tis the mechanism of cocaine?
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inderect general agonist, NE uptake inhibitor
Causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia |
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What is the mechanims of clonidine?
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Centrally actin galpha agonist, decreases central adrenergic flow.
like alpha methyl-dopa for Hypertension, espeically in reanl disease (no decreased flow to kidney) |
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What are the effects of NE on BP and HR?
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Increase in systolic, mean and diastolic bp
decrease in HR (reflex bradycardia) |
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What are the effects of epi on BP and HR?
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Increase in systolic, no change in mean, decrease in diastolic
Increase in HR |
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What are the effects of Isoproterenol on BP and HR?
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decrease in systolic (after a slight increase)
drop in mean and diastolic Increase in HR |
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What is the mechanism of phenoxybenzamine?
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irreversible alpha blocker
used for pheos can cause orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachy |
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What is the mechanism of phentolamine?
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Reversible alpha blocker
used for pheos can cause orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachy |
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What is the mechanism of Prazosin?
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alpha1 blocker
for Hypertension, BPH can cause 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache |
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What is the mechanism of Terazosin?
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alpha1 blocker
for Hypertension, BPH can cause 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache |
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What is the mechanims of doxazosin?
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alpha1 blocker
for Hypertension, BPH can cause 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache |
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What is the mechanism of Mirtaazapine?
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Alpha2 blocker, for depression.
can cause sedation, increased serum cholesterol, and increased appetite |
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What happens with an alpha blockade when Epi is administered vs. when phenylephrine is administered?
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with epi, you go from a pressor to a depressor
with phenylephrine you lose all pressure effect. |
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Which B-blockers are B1 selective?
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A BEAM of Blockers
Acebutolol Betaxolol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol |
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What are B-blockers used for?
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Decreased CO and renin, for hypertension
Decreased HR and contractility, decreased O2 need; for Angina Decrease mortality after an MI Decreased AV conduction for SVT (propanolol, esmolol) Slows failure for CHF Decrease secretion of aqueous humor |
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What are the SEs of B-blockers?
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Impotence
exacerbates asthma CNS adverse effects (sedation, sleep alterations,) Caution for diabetics |
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What is mechanism of epinephrine in glaucoma Rx?
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increases the outflow of aqueous humor
SE-mydriasis, stinging; not for closed angle |
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What is the mechanism of Brimonidine in glaucoma?
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Alpha agonist
Decreases synth of aqueous humor |
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What is the mechanism of B-blockers in glaucoma?
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decrease in aqueous humor secretion
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What is the role of diuretics in glaucoma? (acetazolamide)
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Decrease in aqueous humor secretion from decreased HCO3. Inhibs carbonic anhydrase
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What is the role of cholinomimetics in glaucoma
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Increase the outflow of aqueous humor. contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular meshwork
SE- Miosis, cyclospasm |
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What is the role of prostaglandins (Latanoprost) in glaucoma?
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increase in outflow of aqueous humor
SE- Darkens the color of the iris |