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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the "core idea"?
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• This core idea of what and who you are affects and shapes your relationships with other people.
• This core idea will affect the way you see your universe. |
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What is Psychological egoism?
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Its the view that we are always motivated by self-interest, even in seeming acts of altruism.
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Rings of Gyges (concept of selfishness?)
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Take away the fear of punishment and the “just” and the “unjust” person will both behave in the same way: Unjustly and Immorally.
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Example of Critiquing Existentialism
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How free are we to create our own nature?
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What is Consequentialism
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The position that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences.
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What are the two Types of Consequential Ethics?
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Egoism AND Hedonism
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What are the two types of Utilitarianism?
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Act Utilitarianism AND Rule Utilitarianism.
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What is Utilitarianism?
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The theory that we should act in such a way that our actions produce the greatest happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people.
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What is Utilitarianism is said to be…?
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A Theory of the 'Good' and the 'Right.'
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What is rule utilitarianism?
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states that the best act is the one that would be enjoined by whichever rule would yield the most utility.
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Rule Utilitarianism uses the utilitarian principle to?
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To judge moral rules, not individual actions.
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What are the "bad" examples of Act Utilitarianism?
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Then every affair would be "o.k."
Killing a healthy patient to save 6 would be o.k. |
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What is Nonconsequentialist Theories?
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The morality of an action depends on factors other than consequences.
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What are the two of Nonconsequetialists Theories?
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Divine Command Theory AND Categorical Imperative Theory
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What is Divine Command Theory?
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• Whatever the situation, if we do what God wills, then we do the right thing; if we do not do what God wills, then, no matter what the consequences, we do wrong.
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What is the answer to the question of "Critique of Divine Command Theory"
"• Which Holy Text? • Which God? • Which Moral Divine Command is God’s real commands opposed to the “false” texts that exist. • Which texts were truly Divine Revelation?" |
All of the above
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Thomas Aquinas and Natural Law?
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Natural law refers to moral guidelines or rules that stipulate what people ought to do rather than what they in fact do, and that the guidelines apply equally to all humanity because they are rooted in human nature itself.
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Morality was instilled in us A-priori, by God. T of F?
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TRUE
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What does Kant’s moral theory centers around?
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the categorical imperative.
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How does Kant see Autonomy?
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For Kant, morality presupposes autonomy.
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How does Nietzsche see Autonomy?
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Nietzsche would state that autonomy presupposes morality.
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What does Nietzsche have to say about Morality?
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Nietzsche would say that morality is just a made up invention from the weaklings of society to protect themselves from the more powerful.
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What does Nietzsche have to say about Truth?
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Our truths, metaphysical and moral, are but a reflections of our own biases and commitments.
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Who said "There is nothing either good or bad, (But thinking makes it so”)
() = fill in the blank |
William Shakespeare
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What is the answer to "Sources of Morality"
• Parents • Friends • Teachers • Movies • Music • Church, synagogue, mosque, temple |
ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Define Cultural relativism
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Cultural relativism holds that different cultures have different moralities and that what one culture believes is wrong, another culture may believe is right.
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Define categorical imperative and who is related to categorical imperative?
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to act out of respect for the law.
Immanuel Kant. |
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What is the answer which has "Cultural" in it?
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Relativism
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What does human nature influence?
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Your views about human nature also influence your relationship to the universe.
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Humans, you may believe, are free to make of themselves whatever they choose. T or F?
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TRUE
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What is The basic human principle?
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selfishness
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What is Psychological egoism?
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the view that we are always motivated by self-interest, even in seeming acts of altruism.
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What is the raditional Western View?
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The view that holds that a human being has an enduring spiritual self that is rational, purposive, and separate from the body.
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Define: Traditional Western Rationalist View
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The ability to reason is our defining characteristic.
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Define: Traditional Western Religious View
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According to this view, humans are made in the image of God.
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What are the 3 Challenges of the Traditional Western View?
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Feminist Challenge
Existentialist Challenge Evolutionary Challenge |
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What is the answer to The Feminist Challenge
The traditional picture of human nature is inherently sexist—that is, it discriminates against women. |
All of the above
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What does the Feminist Challenge say about man and woman?
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REASON is male and must rule, whereas FEELINGS are female and must be ruled.
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What is the Existentialist Challenge?
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This view denies any essential human nature; each of us creates our own essence through free action.
"Humans are whatever they make themselves." |
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Example of Critiquing Existentialism
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How free are we to create our own nature?
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Who said “Man is absolutely not the crown of creation: every creature stands beside him at the same stage of perfection.”?
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Friedrich Nietzsche
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What is the answer to the question with "Desire" in it?
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Buddhist
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Define Nirvana
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by gradually abandoning all sense of individuality through the Noble Eightfold Path and losing oneself completely in an ineffable state of enlightenment
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Who said That "we never actually perceive the self."
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David Hume
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What do Existentialists claim?
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that each human creates his or her own nature.
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What is the definition of Philosophy
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Love and Wisdom
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Who said That the unexamined life is not worth living?
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Socrates
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Hobbes state of nature?
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Egoism will be the default philosophy
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Altruism is a form of?
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Pathetic self-destruction
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Who said existence precedes essence?
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jean paul sartre
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Define Ethics
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Study of morality. Ethics is not the same as morality
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What is the traditional form of Utilitarianism?
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Act Utilitarianism
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Define Act Utilitarianism
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States
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Utilitarianism is consequentialist?
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the right act is that which yields the greatest net utility.
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What is the answer related to "Our goal is liberation, not salvation"
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Buddhism
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Socialists are?
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Community minded
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Capitalists are?
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Self interest
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