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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what does autorhythmic mean?
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like the mammalian heart it will continue to beat if removed from the body
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are heart muscle contrations dependent upon the brain?
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no
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what is the pacemaker of the heart and how does it communicate
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SA node via gap junctions
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true or false. the cardiac cycle invovles a sequential contratction of the atria and the ventricles
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true
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what is it called wihen arterial pressure is at its lowest point during the cardiac cycle
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diastolic pressure
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what is systolic pressure
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blood entering the arterial system inflates the arteries a little and increases blood pressure to a max
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when is the lub sound
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early phase of vntricular congtraction by closing of the AV valves
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when is the dub sound
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semlinuar valves close
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what is the equation for heart rate BPM
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BPM = 60sec/sec/beat
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what balances the intermittent ejection of blood into the arteries
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constant loss of blood from the arteries to the capillaries
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when is systolic pressure
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at hgihtest level or ventricle contractions
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when is diastolic pressure
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at loweest level prior to pumpin gof blood into the arteries
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when is the first sound in bp
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when the systolic pressure is greater than the cuff
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pulse pressure =
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systolic-diastolic
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mean arterial pressure MAP =
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diastlic + 1/3 pulse pressure
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what determines the stiffness of the arterial wall
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thickenss smooth muscle tone and age
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what is the effect of cooling on periphjeral ciruclation
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vasoconstriction increases bp
slowed circulation decreases bp overall increased bp |
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define respiration
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the process by which the body obtains and utilizes oxygen and produces and eliminates carbon dioxidde
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the movement of gases between the lung ands the environment
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pulmonary ventilation
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what are the fire parts of respiration
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ventilation
gas exhcange gas transport gas exchange cellular respiration |
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what factos influence diffusion
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surface are
diffusion distance conc gradient |
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;how is inspiration achieved
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by contraction of the diaphramgma dn intercostal mucles which increase the volume of the thoracic cavity
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where is the respiration center of the brain
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the medulla
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during times of increased demand, the ____ _____ can be increased to use some extra reserve in the lungs for air
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tidal volume
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what else can be changed after exercise to increase air exhange
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increase rate
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breathing rate =
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60/mean duration
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what are five things that the kidney regulates
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Water
Waste Foreign chemicals Gluconeogensis Hormones and enzymes |
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how much plasma is filtered per day
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180
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what shoudl urine include
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water waste urea catabolism of protein muscle creatine end products of hemoglobin breakdown such as bilirubin
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what shoudl NOT be in urine
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glucose proteins aa blood
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how can you tell renal disease
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protine
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how can you tell edema
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no sodium excreted
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how can you tell profound renal malfunction
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uremia
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what is normal BGL
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70 to 120
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high specific gravity =
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dehydration
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what is a motor unit
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a notorneuron and all the muscle fibers that it innervates
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why do muscles attach near the joints
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so that a small contractgi nproduces a large movement
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