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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
actinomorphic |
individual parts of whorl are alike; type of radial symmetry
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alternate
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arrangement with only one leaf inserted at a node
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anther
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pollen producing part of the flower
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anthesis
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when flower parts are open and receptive to pollination
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apex
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the tip, for example, for a leaf, the farthest region from the petiole
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banner
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upper petal of Faboideae in the family Fabaceae
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base
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the bottom end, for example, for a leaf blade, the region nearest the petiole
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bilabiate
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with two lip-like lobes
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bipinnate
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twice pinnate, i.e., a decompound leaf with primary divisions divided again
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bract
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a modified leaf near a flower (think of a poinsettia or a bougainvillea)
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calyx
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outer series of the floral envelope
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canescent
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surface white or gray short hairs
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carpel
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part of pistil from one sporophyll; usually the highest number of the stigma lobes, styles, and locules |
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cleft
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cut or split about half-way to the middle or base
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column
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united filaments in Malvaceae or coalesced style and filaments in Orchidaceae
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complete
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flower has sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
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compound
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leaf completely divided into two or more distinct segments (leaflets)
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cordate
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heart-shaped, with the notch at the base
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corolla
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inner series of the floral envelope
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cyathium
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inflorescence in Euphorbia with unisexual flowers in a cup-shaped involucre
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cyme
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branched inflorescence in which terminal flower blooms first which makes it determinate
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deciduous
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plant with leaves that fall at the end of the growing season
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disc flower
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regular tubular flowers of Asteraceae
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dissected
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deeply divided into many narrow segments
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elliptical
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a narrow oval, widest at the middle and the ends equally narrow
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entire
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continuous leaf margin, not toothed or lobed
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evergreen
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bearing green leaves throughout the year
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filament
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stalk that supports the anther
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floret
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small flower in a cluster; in Poaceae a specialized structure containing flower; in Asteraceae, in a head
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glabrous
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surface smooth, hairless
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glaucous
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surface covered with a whitish or bluish waxy coating
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head
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dense cluster of sessile or subsessile flowers
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imperfect
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unisexual, a flower with only male (staminate) or female (pistillate) parts
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inferior
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the perianth arises above the ovary (epigynous flower)
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keel
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fused lower petals of Faboideae in the family Fabaceae |
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lanceolate
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lance-shaped; much longer than wide, attached at the wide end
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leaflet
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a division of a compound leaf
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linear
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narrow, flat shape with parallel sides, at least 4 times longer than wide
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locule
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cell or compartment of ovary filled with ovules
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margin
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the edge or outline or profile of a leaf blade
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midrib
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the central rib of a leaf
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netted veined
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leaf veins interconnected to form a net (reticulate)
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oblanceolate
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inversely lance-shaped, attached at the narrow end
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oblong
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two to four times longer than broad with nearly parallel sides
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obovate
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inversely egg-shaped in outline, attached at the narrow end
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opposite
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arrangement with two leaves inserted opposite each other on the stem
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ovary
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contains the ovules and forms a fruit
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ovate
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egg-shaped in outline and attached at the wide end
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ovule
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structure that develops into the seed
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palmate
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lobed, veined, or divided (palmately compound) from a common point, like the fingers of a hand
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panicle
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branched inflorescence with flowers maturing from the bottom which makes it indeterminate
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pappus
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modified calyx of Asteraceae, awns, scales, or bristles for dispersal by wind or in the fur of animals
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parallel veined
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leaf veins small, generally parallel, all about the same size except the central vein
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pedicel
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the stalk to an individual flower in an inflorescence
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peduncle
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the stalk to an inflorescence or a solitary flower
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perfect
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bisexual, a flower with male and female parts
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petals
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one of the individual parts of the corolla
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petiole
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leaf stalk
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phyllary
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bract in the involucre of Asteraceae
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pinna (pinnae) |
a primary division of a pinnate or bipinnate leaf
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pinnate |
compound leaf with leaflets on a rachis (may be odd pinnate or even pinnate) |
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pistil
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seed producing organ; ovary plus style (if present) plus stigma
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pollen
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male spores
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pubescent
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surface covered with hairs, especially short, soft hairs
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raceme
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inflorescence with a single unbranched axis with flowers on pedicels, maturing from the bottom
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rachis
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central axis of a compound leaf or of an inflorescence
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ray flower
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strap-like portion of a ligulate flower, e.g., in Asteraceae
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receptacle
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flattened disc in Asteraceae on which flowers are born
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rosette
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dense radiating cluster of leaves usually at or near ground level
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seed |
mature ovule with embryo, coat, food supply, e.g., endosperm; “seed” also a unit of dispersal, e.g., bur |
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sepals
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one of the individual parts of the calyx
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serrate
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toothed along the margin with minute, sharp, forward-pointing teeth
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simple
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leaf which is one undivided segment (may be lobed)
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spadix
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spike with small flowers crowded on a thickened axis, e.g., Araceae
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spathe
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large bract sheathing of enclosing an inflorescence, e.g., Araceae
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spike
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inflorescence with a single unbranched axis with flowers sessile, maturing from the bottom
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spikelet
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basic inflorescence unit of Poaceae; has two glumes and one or more florets
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stamen
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anther plus filament
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stigma
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part of the pistil that receives the pollen
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stipules
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pair of appendages at the base of the petiole or leaf
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strigose
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surface covered with stiff, appressed hairs
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style
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stalk-like part of the pistil connecting the ovary and the stigma
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superior
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the perianth arises from below the ovary (hypogynous flower)
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sympetalous
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petals united at least at the base (opposite of gamopetalous)
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tendril
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a slender, often coiling organ of support
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tepals
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part of the perianth that is not distinguished as petals or sepals, e.g., in Liliaceae
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tomentose
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surface covered with tangled, wool-like hairs
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whorled
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arrangement with three or more leaves arising at a node
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zygomorphic
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irregular flower; parts of one whorl not alike; may be bilaterally symmetrical |
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bud |
the rudimentary unexpanded state of a stem, leaf, or flower |
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flower |
the reproductive organ of a plant, specifically of monocots and dicots |
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inflorescence |
a group of flowers attached together on a plant |
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leaf |
generally green, flattened photosynthetic organ of a plan which generally does not produce buds or stems |
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root |
descending axis of a plant primarily used to absorb water and nutrients from ground and provide support |
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stem |
the main body or supportive structure of a plant that can produce roots, stems, leaves, and flowers |
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blade |
the main expanded flat portion of a leaf (in contrast to petiole and stipules) |
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crenate |
toothed along the margin with but not sharply toothed |
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androecium |
the male reproductive parts of a flower |
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gynoecium |
the female reproductive parts of a flower |
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perianth |
the non-reproductive portion of a flower that contains calyx and corolla |
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achene |
dry, one-seeded indehiscent fruit with seed attached to ovary wall at one point (e.g., sunflower) |
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berry |
fleshy fruit from a single pistil with often many seeds (e.g., tomato) |
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caryopsis |
dry, one-seeded indehiscent fruit with seed coat fused to pericarp (e.g., wheat) |
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dehiscence |
opening by definite pores or slits to discharge the contents |
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drupe |
fleshy, indehiscent fruit with a stony endocarp and usually one seed (e.g., peach) |
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legume |
fruit dry, dehiscent, with usually several to many seeds in a single cell and one line of dehiscence |
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samara |
fruit dry at maturity, indehiscent, winged |
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rhizome |
a horizontal stem that grows underground |
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stolon |
a horizontal stem that grows aboveground |
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aquatic plant |
plant that normally grows in water |
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groundcover |
plant that normally grows close to the ground or that is managed to cover an area |
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herb |
plant with no woody stem and not a palm |
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palm |
plant in the palm family, Arecaceae, not a true tree |
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shrub |
medium sized woody plant typically less than 3 m tall and/or with many main stems often spreading |
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tree |
large woody plant typically at least 3 m tall and/or with one or a few main trunks |
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turfgrass |
plant in the grass family, Poaceae, that is mowed to make a groundcover |
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vine |
plant that climbs or scrambles and cannot normally support itself |
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woody plant |
plant with a hard stem due to secondary xylem produced by vascular cambium and bark on the outside |
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basal |
arrangement of leaves arising from the base of the plant |
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distichous |
arrangement of leaves in two vertical rows |
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spiral |
arrangement of leaves not in vertical rows but spiralling up the stem |
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costapalmate |
leaf in some palmate leaved palms in which there is a definite midrib or petiole extension causing a curving |
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trifoliolate (trifoliate) |
a compound leaf divided into three segments |