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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1.As Tyler looks down a railroad track, he perceives the sides of the tracks as becoming closer as the
distance increases. This is an example of |
-perspective convergence
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Which of the following depth cues is effective both from 0-2 meters and above 30 meters?
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-occlusion
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The imaginary plane in which all objects project to corresponding points in the left and right retina is
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-The horopter
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The results of the patient D.F., who had visual form agnosia
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-show that perception and action are independent of each other in the brain
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Gestalt “laws” are more accurately described as heuristics because they
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-provide a “best-guess” as to the perception of an object
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According to recognition-by-components theory, the 3D features that objects are composed of are called
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-geons
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Jimmy looks at a picture of a side of a bus that has dents and bumps on it. When he turns the picture
upside-down, what he originally perceived as bumps, now look like dents, and vice versa. The is due to the |
-the “light-from-above” heuristic
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When Palmer (1975) showed observers a kitchen scene and then a target picture, which picture was
identified correctly most of the time? |
-a loaf of bread, because it matches the context of the scene
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The tilted frame in a rod-and-frame test influenced the alignment of the rod in the ____ tasks
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-matching
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An area in the ___ called the ___ is thought to be specialzed to recognize faces.
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-temporal lobe; FFA
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After training participants on the recognition of “Greeble” stimuli, Gauthier et al. found that the
eneuron in the FFA responded |
-as well to Greebles as to human faces
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The most important conclusion from the “Greeble” study is that FFA ____
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-is an “expertise” area rather than a specifically a “face” area
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FFA activation in people with congenital prosopagnosia is ___ than control subjects
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-the same
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Grill-Spector et al.’s (2004) “Harrison Ford” study showed that object recognition is associated with
____, and detection is associated with ____. |
-A large response from the FFA; a smaller response from the FFA
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Tong used binocular rivalry to test the brain response when the person perceived a house or a face.
When the person perceived the house, activity in the __- increased and in the ___ decreased |
-PPA; FFA
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In the experiment by Ungerleider and Mishkin where monkeys either had to solve an object
discrimination problem or a landmark discrimination problem, monkeys that had trouble with object discrimination had lesions to the ___ whereas monkey s that had trouble with the landmark task had lesions to the ____ |
-temporal lobes; parietal lobes
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The dorsal extra striate pathway goes to the ____ lobe
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-parietal
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The ventral extra striate pathway has also been labeled the ___ pathway.
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-what
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Prosopagnosia
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-is the inability to recognize familiar faces
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Someone with ____ would only see a face in this image and not a face constructed of fruits and veggies
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-object agnosia
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Which of the following is Not a reason that object recognition is difficult under natural conditions?
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-things that are further away appear smaller on our retinas
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Gestalt psychologists used the example of illusory contours to support the claim that
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-the whole is different than the sum of its parts
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The Olympic symbol is an example of the Gestalt law of
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-Pragnaz
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Corey looks at a flock of seagulls flying in one direction, when suddenly five of the seagulls start flying
in another direction. He now perceives two groups of birds, because of the Gestalt law of |
-common fate
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Border ownership means that when figure-ground segregation occurs, the border between the figure and
background |
-is perceived to be associated with the figure
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Which of the following is a general determinant of figure-ground segregation?
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-a lower region is more likely to be perceived as a figure than an upper region
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The fact that a V1 neuron changes firing to a horizontal line in its RF depending on whether that line is
flanked by other horizontal lines or randomly oriented lines is an example of: |
-an extra-receptive field
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A cell in area V1 of a monkey is shown to fire when a vertical bar is presented. When bars of random
orientation are added around the vertical bar, the firing rate of the cell ____; when bars of some of the surrounding bars are changed to a vertical orientation, the firing rate of the cell ____. |
-decreases; increases
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In the Biased Competition Model of attention a neuron that has both a preferred stimulus and a non-
preferred stimulus in its receptive field at the same time will fire as if only the preferred stimulus were in its receptive field 150ms after the stimuli appear if _____. |
-the preferred stimulus is the target
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Which of the following best describes how attention changes neural processing in V1?
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--Attention enhances the sensory response to task-relevant information
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Larissa looks at a picture of her cousin’s 18th birthday party. She is interested in figuring out where
the party was held. Her fixations from saccadic eye-movements as she looks around the picture will likely cluster around ____ |
-the surrounding objects and background scenery
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______ is when a stimulus that is not attended is not perceived, even though the person is looking
directly at the stimulus |
-inattentional blindness
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In thhe “I’m a believer” scene at the end of the movie “Shrek,” the three blind mice are turned into
the horses in one frame, but the next time we see them , they are dancing on a piano. This is a “real-life” example of ____ |
-change blindness
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Posner’s precueing studies demonstrated that attention
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-increases the speed and accuracy of information processing
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The important finding of Carrasco et al.’s (2004) research was that
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-the attended-to grating is perceived to have a higher contrast than another, identical grating.
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Yesmen is walking in a mall and thinks she sees a man wearing a red dress. She takes a longer look,
and realizes she has seen a man in a suit walking next to a woman in a red dress. This is a natural example of |
-illusory conjunctions
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According to feature integration theory, the color, orientation, and other features of objects are initially
processed separately in the ___ stage of processing |
-preattentive
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The synchrony hypothesis proposes that ____ can be solved networks of neurons firing in synchrony
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-the binding problem
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According to Treisman, the ___ stage is the “glue” that combines al the incoming information about an
object |
-focused attention
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The size-distance scaling equation explains Emmert’s Law because
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-retinal size is constant as perceived distance changes
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The size-distance scaling equation explains the Ames Room illusion because
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-we perceive the two people in the room to be different sizes because they are perceived to be at
the same distance away and their retinal image size is different |
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A major assumption of the apparent-distance theory of the moon illusion is that the sky overhead
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-appears to be closer than the horizon because of the lack of depth cues
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Sheinberg and Logothetis showed that when a monkey scans a visual scene, a neuron in the IT cortex
would |
-would fire if the monkey fixated on the parrot, followed by a motor response that indicated that
the monkey noticed the parrot |
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Of the coulometer depth cues, convergence is _____ than accommodation
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-more effective
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Motion parallax
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-is widely used to create depth in cartoons and video games
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Epstein (1965) presented observers photographs of a quarter, dime, and half-dollar that were all equal in
physical size. His results showed that familiar size is most effective when other information about depth is |
-absent
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____ is the difference in the images in the two eyes; ___ is the impression of depth that results from this
information |
-binocular disparity; stereopsis
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The depth cue that is responsible for perceiving depth in ViewMasters and “3-D” movies is
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-binocular disparity
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49. Holway and Boring found that
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-size constancy is more likely to occur if you have more depth cues
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The size-distance scaling equation is S=K (R x D). The “S” in the equation stands for
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-an object’s perceived size
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