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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is social psychology?
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The science of how individuals think, feel, and behave in regards to other people
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Differences between social psychology and sociology?
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Social psychology tends to focus more on the individual, sociology on the group. Social psychology emphasizes experiments.
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Differences between social psychology and personality psychology?
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Personality focuses on private internal fucntioning, and individual differences. Social psychology emphasizes similarities in how ppl respond
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Hindsight Bias?
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Events seem more obvious in hindsight than beforehand.
(results are obvious after you are told the outcome) |
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Descriptive Research includes 3 types:
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observational studies (observing what people do), archival: examining records of past events, and surveys: asking ppl qustions
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What is necessary for a survey representative?
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Random Sampling/random sample.
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Advantages of using a survey?
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Asks questions about important, real world problems.
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Four limitations of surveys?
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-Biased wording
-People cannot predict own behavior -Socially desirable responses -Correlational data is obtained |
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what is Correlational research? and its limitation?
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study of naturally occurring relations among variables. Correlation does not indicate direction of causality .
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Because surveys do not tell direction of causality, we do ________s.
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experiments.
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Four steps of experimental research:
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1) Participants randomly assigned to different conditions
2)Experimenter manipulates independent variable 3)Experimenter holds other variables constant 4) particip. responses are measured(dep variable) |
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Confounds are?
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Uncontrolled variables
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Within subjects design?
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same subjects in both conditions *see both violent and non-violent films at diff. periods of time*
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Why do experiments tell us the direction of causality?
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1) timing-participants exposed to independent variable before dependent variable
2) control, including random assignment |
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Institutional Review Boards
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ensure welfare of participants
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Two Ethical Issues in Experiments:
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1) Deception
2) Unpleasant revelations (may learn unpleasant things about self) |
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Ways to minimize dangers of experiments?
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1) Informed consent
2) Debriefing (leave with positive attitude) 3) Confidentiality of the data |
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When did social psychology originate?
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late 19th/early 20th century
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Father of social psychology?
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Norman Triplett
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Interactionist Perspective?
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-Lewin. Behvaior is a function of the interaction between teh person and the environment
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What was Milgram's research about?
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Individuals' vulnerability to the destructive commands of authority (most famous research) Nazis
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60s-70s?
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Period of expansion and dlksfjla;sfj .
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What is pluralistic?
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range of research techniques needed
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Social cognition?
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study of how we perceive, remember, and interpret info about ourselves and others.
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Social neuroscience?
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study of relationship between neural and social processes.
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Behavioral genetics?
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subfield of psychology that examines the effects of genes on behavior
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Cross-cultural research?
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examine similarities and differences across cultures
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Basic research
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seeks to increase our understanding of human behavior
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Applied research
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seeks to enlarge our understanding of naturally occurring events/to find solutions
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Interrater Reliability?
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degree to which diff observers agree on their observations
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In correlational research are variables manipulated by the researcher?
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no.
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Subject variables?
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variable that characterize pre-existing differences among people in the study (gender, ethnicity)
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Internal validity
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extent to which causal
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External validity
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obtained same results for other people
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What is internal validity?
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the degree to which there can be certainty that the independent variables in an experiment caused the effects obtained on the dependent variables
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What is experimental realism?
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the degree to which procedures are involving to participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously
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What is mundane realism?
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The degree to which the experimental situation resembles places and events that exist in the real world
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What is meta-analysis?
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A set of statistical procedures used to review a body of evidence by combining the results of individual studies to measure overall reliabilty and strength of particular effects.
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What is Experimenter expectancy effects?
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experimenters expectations are projected and change results of the subjects
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What is external validity?
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Degree to which same results would be obtained by other ppl in other situations
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What is construct validity?
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Extent to which measures in a study measure the variables they were designed to measure /manipulate whwat they are supposed to manipulate.
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Bogus pipeline technique?
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Participants are falsely led to believe that their responses will be verified by an infallible lie detector
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