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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rates of murder and assault are consistently higher for men. The roots of this difference appear to lie in:
A)virtual violence on video games B)childhood experience C)high testosterone levels D)televised violence |
B)Childhood experience
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30 years after being photographed as "happy" in their college yearbook photos, a group of women was found to be:
A)mostly unhappy B)as likely to be happy as unhappy C)mostly happy D)alternately happy and unhappy |
C)mostly happy
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A person's unique qualities are known as:
A. central traits B. individual traits C. common traits D. cardinal traits |
B. individual traits
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In social learning theory, how a person interprets or defines a situation is the person's:
A. psychological situation B. psychological drive C. psychological need D. psychological expectancy |
A. psychological situation
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In Freudian thought, inhibitions, rigidity, or unbearable guilt results from:
A. an overly strict superego B. an overactive ego ideal C. a defective ego ideal D. a weak superego |
A. an overly strict superego
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The tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to an entire personality is known as the:
A. observer bias B. halo effect C. observer effect D. participant effect |
B. halo effect
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The raw material from which personality is formed is:
A. traits B. self-control C. character D. temperament |
D. temperament
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Theories that explain personality in terms of the combined effects of heredity and personality are known as:
A. trait theories B. psychodynamic theories C. humanistic theories D. behavioral personality theories |
C. humanistic theories
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The period of time during which perosnal pleasure comes from stimulation of the mouth is known as:
A. genital stage B. oral stage C. phallic stage D. anal stage |
B. oral stage
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In the psychoanalytical thought, when the ego delays action until it is practical, the principle involved is the:
A. pleasure principle B. death instinct C. life instinct D. reality principle |
D. reality principle
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Actions that are most likely to bring about positive reinforcement are:
A. cues B. rewards C. responses D. drives |
B. responses
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Carl Rogers described a capacity for self-esteem and self-evaluation as:
A. organismic valuing B. unconditional positive regard C. conditions of worth D. positive self regard |
D. positive self regard
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The term personality refers to:
A. personal charisma B. personal charm C. personal uniqueness D. personal style |
C. personal uniqueness
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Carl Rogers believed that positive and negative evaluations by others cause children to develop:
A. positive self regard B. conditions of worth C. organismic valuing D. unconditional positive regard |
B. conditions of worth
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The preconscious contains:
A. predictions of future behavior B. repressed memories and emotions C. material that can easily be brought to awareness D. everything you are aware of at any given moment |
C. material that can easily be brought to awareness
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Self-reinforcement can be thought of as the social learning theorists counterpart to the:
A. superego B. ego C. pleasure principle D. id |
A. superego
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Unshakeable love and approval from others results in:
A. organismic valuing B. unconditional positive regard C. positive self regard D. conditions of worth |
B. unconditional positive regard
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A bold, outgoing person is known as:
A. Type B B. Type A C. an extrovert D. an introvert |
C. an extrovert
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The growing capacity for responsible social sexual relationships describes the Freudian stage known as the:
A. genital stage B. phallic stage C. oral stage D. anal stage |
A. genital stage
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Severe, punishing, or frustrating toilet training can have:
A. desirable effects B. aggressive effects C. undesirable effects D. little or no effects |
C. undesirable effects
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Arriving at the company break room, you discover dirty tables and clutter. You immediately begin clearning the tables and clearing the clutter. This coping strategy is one of:
A. problem-focused coping B. stress-reduction coping C. emotional-focused coping D. primary-appraisal coping |
A. problem-focused coping
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An acquired inability to overcome obstacles and avoid aversive stiumul is:
A. identification B. projection C. rationalization D. learned helplessness |
D. learned helplessness
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The best predictor of day-to-day health is:
A. major, negative life events B. frequent, severe hassles C. occasional minor hassles D. major, positive life events |
B. frequent, severe hassles
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Burnout may occur in any job, but it is a special problem for:
A. architects B. factory technicians C. engineers D. social workers |
D. social workers
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The general health of optimists when compared with pessimists is that:
A. optimists are in better health B. neither group shows health differences C. both groups show good health D. pessimists are in better health |
A. optimists are in better health
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The defense mechanism that separates contradictory thoughts or feelings into "logic tight" mental compartments so that they do not come into conflict describes:
A. identification B. projection C. isolation D. intellectualization |
C. isolation
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Justifying personal actions by giving logical but false reasons for those actions is teh defense mechanism of:
A. projection B. intellectualization C. regression D. rationalization |
D. rationalization
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Learning to resist pressure to begin unhealthy habits is taught through:
A. both refusal and life skills training B. life skills training C. neither refusal nor life skills training D. refusal skills training |
D. refusal skills training
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Damage to health is more likely to result from:
A. anxiety B. depression C. hostility D. pessimism |
B. depression
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Severe psychosomatic disorders can be:
A. fatal B. of little physical significance C. inconvenient D. positive in their impact |
A. fatal
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When a person must meet urgent external demands or expectations, he or she faces:
A. strain B. pressure C. stress D. anxiety |
B. pressure
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Excessive anger over a minor irritation is a common form of:
A. internal aggression B. external aggression C. displaced aggression D. personal aggression |
C. displaced aggression
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The incidence of infectious diseases causing death in the last 100 years has:
A. decreased B. increased C. remained the same D. increased since AIDS |
A. decreased
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When the dog is kicked after you have had a hard day at the office, the experience is one of:
A. external aggression B. personal aggression C. displaced aggression D. internal aggression |
C. displaced aggression
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Roughly ___ percent of all american adults are overweight:
A. 15 B. 30 C. 60 D. 45 |
60%
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Arriving at the company break room, you discover dirty tables and clutter. You make a special effort to control your anger. This coping strategy is one of:
A. emotion-focused coping B. primary-appraisal coping C. problem-focused coping D. stress-reduction coping |
A. emotion-focused coping
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Wanting to have my cake and eat it too describes:
A. double approach-avoidance conflict B. avoidance-avoidance conflict C. approach-approach conflict D. approach-avoidance conflict |
C. approach-approach conflict
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During the school year, nearly ___ percent of all college students suffer some symptoms of depression.
A. 60 B. 80 C. 90 D. 70 |
B. 80%
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The risk of stroke, cirrhosis of the liver, cancer, high blood pressure, and heart disease is greatly:
A. increased by 3 or more alcoholic drinks per day B. decreased by 3 or morealcholic drinks per day C. decreased by 1 to 2 alcoholic drinks per day D. increased by 1 to 2 alcoholic drinks per day |
A. increased by 3 or more alcoholic drinks per day
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The effects of ______ frustration can accumulate until a small irritation sets off an unexpectedly violent response:
A. personal B. repeated C. internal D. external |
B. repeated
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Behavior patterns that make people unhappy and impair their personal growth refers to:
A. psychopathology B. psychiatry C. psychoanalysis D. psychotherapy |
A. psychopathology
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When normal or abnormal behavior is described based on the values of one's general scial setting, the situation is one of:
A. social stereotyping B. cultural relativity C. situational context D. psychopathology |
B. cultural relativity
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Brain pathology related to diseases, brain injuries, drug use, and poisons would be called:
A. psychotic disorders B. mood disorders C. organic mental disorders D. psychosomatic illness |
C. organic mental disorders
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When physical symptoms mimic disease or injury for which there is no identifiable physical cause, the diagnosis is:
A. mood disorder B. anxiety disorder C. dissociative disorder D. somatoform disorder |
D. somatoform disorder
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Temporary amnesia or multiple personalities would be diagnosed as:
A. mood disorder B. anxiety disorder C. dissociative disorder D. somatoform disorder |
C. dissociative disorder
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Personality disorders usually appear in:
A. childhood B. adolescence C. young adulthood D. senior adult years |
B. adolescence
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Repeated dishonesty with no sign of remorse might indicate:
A. mood disorder B. anxiety disorder C. dissociative disorder D. anti-social personality |
D. anti-social personality
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Distress seems greatly out of proportion to a person's circumstances. This most likely indicates a(n):
A. mood disorder B. anxiety disorder C. dissociative disorder D. somatoform disorder |
B. anxiety disorder
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The specific phobia that fears storms, thunder and lightning is:
A. agoraphobia B. acrophobia C. astraphobia D. arachnophobia |
C. astraphobia
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Irrational acts that a person feels driven to repeat are:
A. obsessions B. compulsions C. delusions D. illusions |
B. compulsions
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Theories that emphasize subjective experience, human problems, and personal potentials would be called:
A. psychodynamic B. behavioral C. cognitive D. humanistic |
D. humanistic
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A 43-year-old man in good physical health was sure he was pregnant. He suffered from:
A. illusion B. hallucination C. delusion D. obsession |
C. delusion
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A quiet, shy, middle-aged woman describes the people wom she hears in her house when she is locked in alone. She suffers from:
A. illusion B. hallucination C. delusion D. obsession |
B. hallucination
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"The hand is quicker than the eye" illustrates:
A. illusion B. hallucintaion C. delusion D. obsession |
A. illusion
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The complaint, "Everyone's looking at me and planning together to do bad things to me" illustrates:
A. delusions of grandeur B. delusions of jealousy C. delusions of erotomania D. delusions of persecution |
D. delusions of persecution
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The assertion, "I'm the real president. The man in the White House is an imposter", is known as:
A. delusions of grandeur B. delusions of jealousy C. delusions of erotomania D. delusions of persecution |
A. delusions of grandeur
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Schizophrenia, marked by a preoccupation with delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations related to a theme of grandeur or persecution, is:
A. disorganized schizophrenia B. catatonic schizophrenia C. paranoid schizophrenia D. undifferentiated schizophrenia |
C. paranoid schizophrenia
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When depression alternates with periods when the person's mood is cheerful, expansive, or irritable, the problem is:
A. bipolar I disorder B. bipolar II disorder C. dysthymic disorder D. cyclothymic disorder |
D. cyclothymic disorder
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If one identicle twin is depressed the other has a(n)___ percent chance of suffering depression:
A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80 |
D. 80%
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When phototherapy is used to SAD patients, the response rate is ____ percent:
A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80 |
D. 80%
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Any therapy designed to bring about direct changes in troublesome thoughts, feelings, or behavior without seeking insight into their origins or meaning is:
A. group therapy B. action therapy C. non-directive therapy D. time-limited therapy |
B. action therapy
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Any therapy begun with the expectation that it will last only a limited number of sessions is:
A. group therapy B. action therapy C. non-directive therapy D. time-limited therapy |
D. time-limited therapy
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A therapy in which several clients participate at the same time is:
A. group therapy B. action therapy C. non-directive therapy D. time-limited therapy |
A. group therapy
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Any surgical procedure in which a hole is bored in the skull is:
A. deep lesioning B. psychotherapy C. trepanning D. hypnotherapy |
C. trepanning
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In Freudian thought the hidden symbolic meaning of dreams is the:
A. latent (hidden) content B. manifest (obvious) content C. social content D. dream symbol |
A. latent(hidden) content
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Dream images that have personal or emotional meanings are:
A. the latent (hidden) content B. the manifest (obvious) content C. the social content D. the dream symbols |
D. the dream symbols
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When a therapist attempts to see the world through the clients eyes she attempts to show:
A. unconditional positive regard B. empathy C. authenticity D. reflection |
B. empathy
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A therapy that focuses on the problems of existence, such as meaning, choice, and responsibility, is called:
A. existential therapy B. Freudian therapy C. Gestalt therapy D. cognitive therapy |
A. existential therapy
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In Gestalt therapy emotional health comes from what you:
A. should want to do B. ought to do C. should do D. want to do |
D. want to do
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Telephone counselors who use 900-number services have:
A. a remarkably positive effect B. a remarkably negative effect C. sometimes positive and sometimes negative effects D. no evident effectiveness |
D. no evident effectiveness
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Compared with traditional office visits, cybertherapy is:
A. less expensive B. more expensive C. more expensive on weekends D. neither more nor less expensive |
A. less expensive
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Behavior therapists believe that deep insight into one's problems is:
A. sometimes necessary for improvement B. always necessary for improvement C. often necessary for improvement D. never necessary for improvement |
D. never necessary for improvement
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Not many physicians who treat lung cancer patients are smokers. This illustrates:
A. common sense B. aversion therapy C. systematic desensitization D. classical conditioning |
B. aversion therapy
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Guided reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion is:
A. common sense B. aversion therapy C. systematic desensitization |
C. systematic desensitization
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Desensitization is primarily used to help people unlearn:
A. anxiety disorders B. mood disorders C. SAD D. phobias |
D. phobias
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Rewarding actions that are closer and closer approximations to a desired response results in:
A. negative reinforcement B. positive reinforcement C. shaping D. extinction |
C. shaping
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For maximum impact, therapists select target behaviors and use token rewards to reinforce these behaviors:
A. all the time B. some of the time C. most of the time D. none of the time |
A. all the time
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Depressed persons tend to magnify the importance of undesirable events by engaging in:
A. selective perception B. overgeneralization C. all-or-non thinking D. non-reinforcement |
C. all-or-nothing thinking
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Changing thought patterns that underlie emotional or behavioral problems is:
A. existential therapy B. Freudian therapy C. Gestalt therapy D. cognitive therapy |
D. cognitive therapy
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"I must be loved and approved by almost every significant person in my life or I'm worthless" is an example of:
A. an activating experience B. an emotional consequence C. unrealistic belief D. a logical conclusion |
C. unrealistic belief
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Based on a national study, about ___ percent of women considered themselves to be bisexual:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 2 |
A. 3%
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Fear, anxiety, or disgust about engaging in sex is:
A. a desire disorder B. a sexual aversion C. an arousal disorder D. an orgasm disorder |
B. a sexual aversion
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Premature ejaculation is a problem for about ___ percent of young adult men:
A. 20 B. 40 C. 30 D. 50 |
D. 50%
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The sex drive in women is related to:
A. testosterone levels B. estrogen levels C. thyroxin levels D. insulin levels |
B. estrogen levels
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Rapists are friends or acquaintances in ___ percent of cases:
A. 30-50 B. 65-80 C. 10-15 D. 20-25 |
B. 65-80
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When different rules are used to judge the appropriateness of male and female behavior, it is called:
A. gender expectation B. social stereotyping C. gender role D. double standard |
D. double standard
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An infection passed on by intimate physical contact is a(n):
A. sexually transmitted diseases B. hormonally generated infection C. sexually active condition D. gender induced trauma |
A. sexually transmitted disease
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"Women are the weaker sex" is an illustration of:
A. gender stereotypes B. gender perceptions C. gender distinctions D. gender expectations |
A. gender stereotypes
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Boys start to play mostly with boys at about age:
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 |
C. 3
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Genital pain related to sexual intercourse is known as:
A. female orgasmic disorder B. male orgasmic disorder C. dyspareunia D. male erectile dysfunction |
C. Dyspareunia
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Roughly one-third of all persons consider themselves androgynous and about __ percent consider themselves traditionally feminine or masculine:
A. 50 B. 60 C. 30 D. 40 |
A. 50%
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About __ percent of males are capable of multiple orgasms
A. 5 B. 30 C. 25 D. 75 |
A. 5%
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The favored pattern of behavior expected of each sex is:
A. gonadal sex B. gender role C. genetic sex D. biological role |
B. gender role
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The sexual phase during which physical arousal intensifies is:
A. orgasm B. excitement C. resolution D. plateau |
D. plateau
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Daughters are encouraged to:
A. be prepared for work B. be emotion-oriented C. avoid nurturing D. be controlled emotionally |
B. be emotion-oriented
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Based on a national study, about ___ percent of men considered themselves bisexual:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 5 |
D. 5%
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When pain is desired as part of the sex act, the condition is one of:
A. sexual masochism B. pedophilia C. exhibitionism D. sexual sadism |
A. sexual masochism
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Male erectile disorder is a problem when failure occurs on __ percent of a man's lovemaking attempts:
A. 15 B. 25 C. 10 D. 2 |
B. 25
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Girls tend to play:
A. away from adults B. outdoors C. with adolescents D. indoors |
D. indoors
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A climax and release of sexual excitement is the sexual phase of:
A. excitement B. plateau C. resolution D. orgasm |
D. orgasm
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A detailed description of skills, knowledge and activities required by a particular job is:
A. job description B. social role C. job analysis D. personal interview |
C. job analysis
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Job applicants are questioned about their ualifications in a:
A. job description B. social role C. job analysis D. personal interview |
D. personal interview
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When difficult but realistic work situations are presented ____ is being used:
A. personal interview B. situation judgment test C. aptitude test D. job skills test |
B. a situational judgement test
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Theory X management is interested in:
A. good morale B. labor relations C. work quotas D. employee satisfaction |
C. work quotas
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Theory Y management is interested in:
A. work quotas B. time schedules C. personalized work stations D. bonuses |
C. personalized work situations
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People who are fully aware of risks andopportunities but uncomfortable making decisions could be described as:
A. vigilant B. defensive-avoidant C. complacent D. hypervigilant |
B. defensive-avoidant
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People who panic when forced to make career decisions could be described as:
A. vigilant B. defensive-avoidant C. complacent D. hypervigilant |
D. hypervigilant
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The social distance that begins at the skin and extends about 18 inches is known as:
A. intimate distance B. personal distance C. social distance D. public distance |
A. intimate distance
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Three friends walk across campus abreast of one another rather than in single file. This illustrates:
A. intimate distance B. personal distance C. social distance D. public distance |
B. personal distance
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The boss sits behind his desk as he gives instructions for the day. This illustrates:
A. intimate distance B. personal distance C. social distance D. public distance |
C. social distance
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In a large classroom with an adequate public address system, most students sit inthe back half of the room. This illustrates:
A. intimate distance B. personal distance C. social distance D. public distance |
D. public distance
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Gated communities are an example of:
A. social distance B. territorial markers C. safe environments D. anxiety reduction techniques |
B. territorial markers
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Imagining a skilled performance is:
A. mental skill B. mental awareness C. mental practice D. mental set |
C. mental practice
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When athletes evaluate their performance and make adjustments, they have engaged in:
A. cognitive-behavioral strategies B. imagery and relaxation techniques C. self-regulation strategies D. a fixed routine |
C. self-regulation strategies
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Physical, mental, and emotional states are harmonious in:
A. mental practice B. motor programs C. peak performance D. motor skills |
C. peak performance
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A young dancer misses one small step but quickly compensates to complete her routine as a result of:
A. mental practice B. motor programs C. peak performance D. motor skills |
B. motor programs
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An experienced dancer movs smoothly and efficiently through a difficult performance based on:
A. mental practice B. motor programs C. peakperformance D. motor skills |
D. motor skills
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Studies have shown that jurors ____ put aside their biases, attitudes, and beliefs:
A. always B. never C. rarely D. routinely |
C. rarely
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When complex scientific evidence is presented, jurors tend to be:
A. swayed by the expert witness B. swayed by the science C. swayed by the overall evidence D. unaffected by the appearance of the witness |
A. swayed by the expert witness
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When the crime is more severe and the evidence more clear-cut, the jury tends to be:
A. less fair B. more fair C. less fair toward racial minorities D. less fair toward women |
B. more fair
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"Since you wont wash the car, couldn't you at least fill it with fuel?" is an example of:
A. door-in-the-face effect B. forced compliance C. low-ball technique D. foot-in-the-door effect |
A. door-in-the-face effect
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Moderate self-disclosure generally results in:
A. low self-disclosure B. inactive reciprocity C. high self-disclosure D. more personal replies |
D. more personal replies
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The study of the origins of human behavior patterns is known as:
A. developmental psychology B. cognitive psychology C. evolutionary psychology D. social psychology |
C. evolutionary psychology
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A mixture of belief and emotion that summarizes your evaluation of objects is:
A. an action B. a delusion C. an attitude D. a belief |
C. an attitude
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When beautiful people are generally assumed to be likeable, intelligent and sociall skilled, this is due to:
A. the halo effect B. social stereotypes C. gender expectations D. the double standard |
A. the halo effect
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A widely accepted but often unspoken standard of behavior is:
A. an attribution B. a social expectation C. a status symbol D. a norm |
D. a norm
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In-groups have particularly strong:
A. status B. cohesiveness C. structure D. peer influences |
B. cohesiveness
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In brainwashing, the stage at which former beliefs are abandoned is the stage of:
A. refreeze B. change C. unfreeze D. acceptance |
B. change
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One effective antidote to youth violence is:
A. nightly curfews B. strict rules C. consistent punishment D. a loving family |
D. a loving family
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An element essential to developing close relationships is:
A. self-disclosure B. romantic love C. likeability D. homogamy |
A. self disclosure
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The first step in brainwashing is to:
A. refreeze beliefs and attitudes B. unfreeze beliefs and attitudes C. change beliefs and attitudes D. accept new beliefs and attitudes |
B. unfreeze beliefs and attitudes
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An urge by decision-makers to maintain each other's approval leads to:
A. double standards B. group-think C. social stereotypes D. social acceptance |
B. group-think
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You collapse on a crowded sidewalk, and one peerson attempts to break your fall to prevent injury. This bystander has:
A. avoided responsibility B. ignored the victim C. refused to act D. defined an emergency |
D. defined an emergency
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In Milgram's obedience studies, fact-to-face contact reduced compliance to __ percent.
A. 10 B. 30 C. 15 D. 5 |
B. 30
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You collapse on a crowded sidewalk. Everyone walks past you and refuses to stare in public. Bystanders have not:
A. defined an emergency B. taken responsibility C. noticed the victim D. selected a course of action |
C. noticed the victim
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"while you are out puttingfuel in the car why not go to the Post Office, pick up the dry cleaning, and stop by the grocery store?" is an example of:
A. forced compliance B. door-in-the-face effect C. low-ball technique D. foot-in-the-door effect |
D. foot-in-the-door effect
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When we attribute the actions of others to internal motives, while labeling our motives as external, we have engaged in:
A. a double standard B. actor-observer bias C. fundamental reciprocity D. social stereotyping |
B. actor-observer bias
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The theory that we affiliate to evaluate our actions, feelings, and skills is known as:
A. social attribution theory B. social comparison theory C. social psychology D. self-disclosure theory |
B. social comparison theory
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Scapegoating is a type of:
A. personal aggression B. safe aggression C. displaced aggression D. social aggression |
C. displaced aggression
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"Could you bring me a soft drink? Now that you are up, why not pop some popcorn?" is an example of:
A. forced compliance B. low-ball technique C. door-in-the-face effect D. foot-in-the-door effect |
B. low-ball technique
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