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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
scientific method
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multipstep process of answering a carefully defined research question by using critical thinking and analysis of the evidence
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sample
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the specific participants in a research study; their performance is often assumed to indicate how a larger population of individuals would perform
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self-report
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data collection technique whereby participants are asked to describe their own characteristics and performance
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interview
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data collection technique that obtains self-report data through face-to-face conversation
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questionnaire
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data collection technique that obtains self-report data through a paper-pencil inventory
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test
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instrument designed to assess knowledge, understandings, abilities or skills in a consistent fashion across individuals
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assessment
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task that children complete and researchers use to make judgements of children's understandings and skills
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physiological measure
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direct assessment of physical development or physiological functioning
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habituation
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changes in children's physiological responses to repeated displays or the same stimulus, reflecting loss of interest
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observation
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data collection technique whereby a researcher carefully observes and documents the behaviors of participants in a research study
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validity
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extent to which a data collection technique actually assesses what the researcher intends for it to assess
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reliability
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extent to which a data collection technique yields consistent, dependable results - results that are only minimally affected by temporary and irrelevant influences.
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experimental study
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research study in which a researcher manipulates one aspect of the environment (a treatment), controls other aspects of the environment and assesses the treatment's effects on participants' behavior
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control group
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a group of participants in a research study who do not receive the treatment under investigation; often used in an experimental study
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quasi-experimental
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research study in which 1+ experimental treatments are administered but in which random assignment to groups is not possible
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correlation
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extent to which 2 variables are related to each other, such that when one variable increases, the other either increases or decreases in a somewhat predictable fashion
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correlation coefficient
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a statistic that indicates the nature of the relationship between 2 variables
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correlational study
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research study that explores relationships among variables
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cross-sectional study
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research study in which the performance of individuals at different ages is compared
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longitudinal study
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research study in which the performance of a single group of people is tracked over a period of time
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naturalistic study
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research study in which individuals are observed in their natural environment
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action research
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systematic study of an issue or problem by a teacher or other practitioner, with the goal of bringing about more productive outcomes for children
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