Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
neurons
|
the basic unit of the nervous system that specializes in communication
|
|
functions of the neuron
|
1) recieve information from neighboring neurons
2) Integrate these signals 3) pass signals to other neurons |
|
dendrites
|
short outgrowths that increase the receptive field and detect chemical signals
|
|
cell body
|
information from thousands is collected and integrated
site of metabolism and genetic action |
|
axon
|
electrical impulses are transmitted along a narrow outgrowth
|
|
nerve
|
bundle of axons that carry information between the brain and body
|
|
terminal buttons
|
small nodules at the ends of axons that are the fourth region of the neuron
receive the electrical impulses release chemical signals from the neuron to the synapse |
|
synapse
|
site for chemical communication between neurons
|
|
sensory neurons
|
detect information from the pysical world and pass that information along to the brain via the spinal cord
|
|
motor neurons
|
direct muscles to contract or relax, thereby producting movement
|
|
interneurons
|
communicate only with the other neurons; typically with the brain region
vastly outnumber the other types of neurons work together to create an equilibrium |
|
myelin sheath
|
the insulation that encases teh axons and facilitates the passage of electrical impulses along the axon
speeds up neural transmission by causing action potentials to jump across nodes of ranvier increases how quickly effects the synapse can occur |
|
glial cells
|
make up the myelin sheath
|
|
action potential
|
the nerve impulse flowing down teh axon
|
|
resting membrane potential
|
electric difference between inside and outside the neuron
in resting state, the electrical charge inside the neuron is slightly more negative inside than outside |
|
depolarization
|
neurons are more likely to fire
sodium rushes into the neuron inside of the neuron is more positive than outside causes action potential |
|
hyperpolarization
|
neuron is less likely to fire
sodium channels are less likely to allow sodium into the neuron |
|
agonist
|
increases the amount of neurotransmitter effects--enhances
|
|
antagonist
|
blocks and decreases the neurotransmitter effects
inhibits |