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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Myelination
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axons are covered with a layer of fat cells, which increases the speed of the information travelling through the nervous system.
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Egocentrism
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the inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone elses.
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Animism
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the belief that inanimate objects have "life like" qualities and are capable of action.
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Centration
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the focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others.
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Conservation
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In Piaget's theory, awareness that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change its quantitative properties.
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Developmentally appropriate practice
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education that focuses on the typical developmental patterns of children and the uniqueness of each child.
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Heteronomous morality
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first stage of moral development in piaget's theory, occuring from 4 to 7 years of age.
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Autonomous morality
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second stage of moral development in piaget's theory, displayed by older children .
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Gender identity
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the sense of being male or female , most children aquire by 3.
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Inclusion
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educating a child with special education needs full time in the regular classroom.
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Fuzzy trace theory
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states that memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representations. VERBATIM MEMORY TRACE AND GIST.
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Critical thinking
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thinking reflectively and productively, as well as evaluating the evidence.
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Metacognition
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cognition about cognition, or knowing about knowing.
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What ages are associated with early childhood?
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2-6
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Which area of the brain experiences most rapid growth during ages 3 to 6?
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prefrontal cortex
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What are the five ways many of the deaths of young children can be prevented around the world?
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reduction in poverty and improvements in nutrition, sanitation, education, and health services.
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What ability do children gain during the symbolic function substage?
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to mentally represent an object that is not present.
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Distinguish between animism and artificialism
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animism- the belief that inanimate objects have "lifelike" qualities and are capable of action.
artificialism- |
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What characterizes the intuitive thoughts substage?
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occurs between 4 and 7. children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions.
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Distinguish between centration and conservation.
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centration-the focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others.
conservation-awareness that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change its quantitive properties. |
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What is the implication of scaffolding for teachers?
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changing the level of support. a more skilled person adjusts the amount of guidance to fit the child's current performance.
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List two of the seven teaching strategies mentioned in the text based on Vygotsky’s Theory.
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assess the child's ZPD and use more skilled peers as teachers.
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What are strategies?
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deliberate mental activities to improve the processing of information.
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What does “theory of mind” refer to?
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the awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.
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Describe the child-centered kindergarten.
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education that involves the whole child by considering both the child's physical, cognitive, and social development and the child's needs, interests, and learning styles.
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Briefly describe the Montessori approach.
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an educational philosophy in which children are given considerable freedom and sponteity in choosing activities and are allowed to move from one activity to another as they desire.
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List two of five popular theories addressing the way children acquire masculine and feminine attitudes and behaviors.
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social role and psychoanalytic
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List two of four parenting styles.
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authoritative and neglectful.
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What are four sources we use to select our parenting mode?
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acceptance, responsiveness, demand, and control
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List two of the many types of play.
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solarity and onlooker
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What is the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood?
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.
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What major differences among children growing up with lesbian mothers or gay fathers compared to growing up with heterosexual parents have researchers uncovered according to our text?
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there are no major differences.
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When is it better for the child psychologically for the parents to divorce, to not divorce
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when the child's personality, and temperament, gender, and custody situtation is ready.
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How does television influence children both positively and negatively?
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negative- it can make them passive learners and teaching them stereotypes.
positive-presenting motivating educational programs and increasing their information about the world beyond their immediate environment. |
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List three components characterizing a learning disability.
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a minimimum IQ level
a significant difficulty in school related area exclusion of only severe emotional disorders. |
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List three characteristics of ADHD.
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inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
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List two of the general teaching principles based on Piaget’s theory mentioned in Chapter 10.
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.
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List the three popular Wechsler Scales..
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preschool and primary scale of intelligence-3
scale for children 4 integrated wechsler adult intelligence scale. |
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List four of Gardner’s eight types of intelligence
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verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist
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What is the ninth type of intelligence being considered?
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.
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What is the average tallness of girls and boys at age 11?
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..
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What are 2 of 4 suggestions mentioned to get children to exercise more?
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offer more physical activity programs and improve physical fitness activities in school
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What is dyslexia?
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A category of learning disabilities involving a severe impairment in the ability to read and spell.
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What is an IEP? LRE?
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.
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Distinguish between the whole- language approach and the basic – skills - & - phonetics approach to reading instruction
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.
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What ways can children’s self-esteem be improved?
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identify the cause of low self esteem, provide emotional support, and social approval, help children achieve, help children cope.
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Distinguish between self-esteem and self-concept.
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self esteem- the global evaluative dimension of the self.
self concept-domain specific evaluations of the self. |
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List the four main areas involved in emotional intelligence according to Goleman.
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developing emotional self awareness, managing emotions, reading emotions, and handling relationships
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What can we do to reduce gender stereotyping?
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androgyny
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List some strategies for improving relationships among ethnically diverse students.
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.
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List Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development.
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HETERONOMOUS
(INDIVIDUALISM, INSTRUMENTAL PURPOSE, EXCHANGE) (MUTUAL INTERPERSONAL EXPECTATIONS, RELATIONSHIPS, INTERPERSONAL CONFORMITY) |
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What is a jigsaw classroom?
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students from different cultural backgrounds are placed within a cooperative group in which they have to construct different parts of a project to each a common goal.
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What factors contribute to the drop of self-esteem from elementary to middle school?
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.
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Develop some strategies for improving relationships among ethically diverse students.
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.
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