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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Academic Learn Time (ALT)
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the amount of time a student spends attending to relevant academic tasks while performing those tasks with a high rate of success
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Ecological Assessment
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identify factors that contribute or maintain current situations or problems
goal: to provide a clearer picture of the manner in which a child learns; assess the influences of teacher/classroom environment/home life to learning; assess peer relationships/attitudes towards school/parent techniques/socioeconomic status |
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Internal Validity
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the validity of CAUSAL inferences
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External Validity
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the degree to which the causal relationship is GENERALIZABLE across persons/settings/times
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Construct Validity
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the extent to which what was meant to be measured was actually measured
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Face Validity
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measure of social acceptability (ex: test appears to be valid to test users, examiners, etc)
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Content Validity
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the degree to which questions on a test are representative of what the test was designed to measure; if the sample is representative of the population
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Criterion-Related Validity
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effective in estimating an examinee's performance on an outcome measure
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Treatment Integrity
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the degree to which a plan was implemented as designed and intended
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Pearson's R
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a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between two variables
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Type I Error
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Incorrectly concluding that a true relationship exists when it does not
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Type II Error
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Concluding that a true relationship does not exist when it does
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Bergan + Kratochwill's Consultation Model
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1. Problem Identification
2. Problem Analysis 3. Plan Implementation 4. Problem Evaluation |
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Premack Principle
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Using high probability behavior as a reinforcer for low probability behavior (ex: high- music, low- homework)
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Formative Evaluation
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qualitative feedback focusing on details of content and performance; "fresh set of eyes" during developmental stage
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Summative Evaluation
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quantitative; provides information on efficacy (does it do what it was designed to do?)
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Consumer-Oriented Evaluation
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judges the relative merits of alternative goods/services
criteria/checklists- standard criteria to be judged with |
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Participant-Oriented Evaluation
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Emphasized the importance of evaluation participants/users of the program
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School Psychology: A Blueprint for Training and Practice II
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Helped develop the NASP professional standards
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Applied Behavior Analysis
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The use of principles (motivation, reinforcement, functional assessment etc) to address socially important problems, and to bring about meaningful behavior change. Behaviors can be changed through functionally assessing the relationship between a targeted behavior and the environment
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Tarasoff
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duty to warn/duty to protect
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Instructional Consultation
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1. entry and contracting
2. problem ID and analysis 3. intervention planning 4. intervention implementation 5. resolution/termination |
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Law of Exercise
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Thorndike. law of use/disuse: the more often an association is used the stronger it becomes; and conversely: the longer an association is unused the weaker it becomes
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Law of Effect
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Thorndike. Behaviors that are followed by good consequences are likely to be repeated in the future
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Social Promotion
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Promotion to higher grades based on age rather than demonstrated academic accomplishment
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Intended and Unintended Outcomes of High-Stakes Testing
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Intended: monitoring makes students, educators, parents accountable for student learning, thus provides stronger efforts
Unintended: curriculim narrowing, scholastic demoralization, student discouragement, corruption, cheating/providing answers |
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Structured Interview
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quantitative scores; disorder specific; standardized interview
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Unstructured Interview
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qualitative; interviewee tells story; can be followed up with structured
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Narrative Recording
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Aecdotal, no specific time frames/codes
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Interval Recording
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Behavior occurring within set times; sample of behavior rather than recording every behavior
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Event Recording
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frequency count of behavior; record every event of behavior during the observation period
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Rating Recording
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Checklist/scale; global aspects of behavior
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DIBELS
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1. initial sound fluency
2. phoneme segmentation fluency 3. nonsense word fluency 4. letter naming fluency 5. oral reading fluency |
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Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
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skills first acquired when learning a new language; 6 months to 2 years
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Cognitive/Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)
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ability to manipulate language in decontextualized academic situations; 5-7 years
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Cognitive Behavior Therapy
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increases child's ability to think before acting
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Limbic System
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"emotional brain" hippocampus, amygdala, hypothallamus, thelamus
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Hindbrain
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medulla, pons, cerebellum
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Midbrain
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hearing, vision relay point, pain
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Forebrain
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thalamus, hypothalamus
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Occipital Lobe
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Vision
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Parietal Lobe
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visual-spatial and sensory
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Temporal Lobe
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smell, hearing, balance, emotions, motivation
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Frontal Lobe
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concentration, goal-directed behavior, emotional control
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Fluid Intelligence
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nonverbal, culture-free mental efficacy
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Crystallized Intelligence
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acquired skills and knowledge strongly dependent on exposure to culture
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Psychological First Aid
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1. make contact, give permission to express
2. explore problem (past, present, future) 3. ID solutions 4. steps to assist 5. follow-up assistance |
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Indirect Behavior Assessment
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assess behavior removed in time and place from actual occurrence
ex: ratings by others, rating scales, functional behavior interview |
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Direct behavior Measures
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assess behavior at time and place of occurrence and include observation of social behavior and self-monitoring
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ADHD neurotransmitters
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dopamine and norepinepherine
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Means-End Thinking
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awareness of immediate steps require to schieve a particular goal
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Consequential Thinking
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ability to ID what may happen as a direct result of acting in a particular way or choosing a particular solution
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Causal Thinking
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ability to relate one event to another over time and to understand why one event led to a particular action by other people
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Sensitivity to Interpersonal Problems
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ability to perceive a problem when it exists and to identify the interpersonal aspects of the confrontation that may emerge
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Problem-Identification Process
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1. designate the goals
2. measure current behavior 3. determine the differences between current behavior and desired as reflected in data |
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Curriculum-Based Measures
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indicators of student achievement to guide intervention decisions and check progress
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Positive Behavior Supports (PBS)
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teaches positive/pro-social behaviors; three tiers
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Aptitude-Treatment Interaction (ATI)
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individual differences in abilities need to be taken into account when intervention or treatments are being planned
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Instructional Model of Consultation
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assumes instructional mismatch between learner's capabilities and curriculum (triangle)
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Sensorimotor Stage of Development
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Piaget's first stage; birth-2 years
acts on world using senses; here and now |
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Preoperational Stage of Development
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Piaget's second stage; 2-7years
reason dominated by perception; intuitive reasoning |
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Concrete Operational Stage of Development
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Piaget's third stage; 7-11 years
logical sequencing; concrete problem-solving |
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Formal Operational Stage of Development
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Piaget's fourth stage; 11-adult
abstract thinking |
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Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development
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Oral
Anal Phallic Latency Genital |
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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Erikson; birth-1y
needs comfort with minimal uncertainty |
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Autonomy vs. Self-Doubt
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Erikson; 1-3y
works to master physical environment |
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Initiative vs Guilt
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Erikson; 3-6y
initiates activity; needs to develop a sense of responsibility |
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Industry vs Inferiority
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Erikson; 6-11y
developing a sense of self worth |
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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Erikson; young adulthood
establishes intimate relationships |
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Generativity cs. Stagnation
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Erikson; middle adulthood
giving to next generation |
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Ego Integrity vs Despair
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Erikson; late adulthood/old age
reviews life's accomplishments |
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Albert Bandura
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Modeling
Self-Efficacy: belief about own abilities and characteristics |
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Sociocultural Theory
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Lev Vygotsky
how culture is transmitted to the next generation cognitive development is a socially mediated process |
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Halo Effect
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Thorndike
if a person has one outstanding positive trait it will affect others' total judgment of that person |
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Hawthorne Effect
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Elton Mayo
performance improves is a person is made to feel important or singled out- pertains to being observed |
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Catell and Horn
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fluid/crystallized intelligence
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10th amendment
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established education as a state function
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14th amendment
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due process
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FAPE
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schools must provide students with an education, including specialized instruction and related services, that prepares the child for further education, employment, and independent living
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Section 504
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prohibits discrimination on the basis of a disability; districts are required to provide accommodations/modifications
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IDEA
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equal educational opportunities for all handicapped children
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