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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ecology
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the study of how organisms interact with their environment and eachother
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producer
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organisms capable of making their own food from water, light, and air
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consumer
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organisms that must eat other organisms for food
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herbivore
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an organism that eats FRESH plants as 90% of its diet
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carnivore
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an organism that eats FRESH meat as 90% of its diet
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omnivore
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organisms that eat a mixture of FRESH plant and animal materials
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detritus
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waste from plants and animals, including dead remains (eg. leaves off tree, dead trees, dead animal remains)
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decomposer
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organisms that consume detritus
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food chain
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sequence of organisms, one feeding off another
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habitat
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where an organism lives in its environment
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niche
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everything an organism does to survive and reproduce (organisms can have different niches in the same place eg. birds in tree)
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species
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a group of organisms that mate in the natural world and produce fertile offspring
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biotic factos
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the part of the environment that is LIVING or was once LIVING. (eg. moss, squirrel, tree stump)
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abiotic factors
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the part of the environment that was NEVER living (eg. rock, temperature, cloud)
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population
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all members of one species living in an area
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community
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all different populations in ecosystem
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ecotones
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the transition area between one ecosystem and another
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energy - 1st law
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energy can neither be created nor destroyed it CHANGES FORM.
(eg. solar(sun) -> mechanical(moving) -> heat) |
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energy - 2nd law
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every time energy changes form some energy is LOST as "waste" or useless energy in the form of heat
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the sun is absorbed or reflected by:
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GASES in the air, WATER (clouds, ice, lakes), ROCKS and soil, LIVING organisms
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general process of photosynthesis (energy)
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COLLECTS solar energy, CONVERTS to chemical energy (food)
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detailed process of photosynthesis
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green plants collect sunlight using CHLOROPHYLL, convert light, CO2 and water to glucose (sugar),serves as food
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how to get glucose
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DIRECTLY from eating green plants, INDIRECTLY from eating things that have eaten green plants
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10% Rule
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only 10% of energy in an organism is passed on to next trophic level
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the higher trophic level with energy and 10% rule
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you USE more of the sun's energy (secondary consumer uses 10x as much energy than primary consumer)
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human impact on agriculture
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more food energy for humans, disruption of local ecosystems
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human impact on industry
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energy used to power machines, forms fossil fuels (GLOBAL WARMING!)
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trophic level
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the place in a food chain that an organism feeds
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first trophic level
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producers or AUTOTROPHS that feed themselves
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second trophic level
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herbivorse (1o consumers) that eat producers
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third trophic level
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carnivores (2o consumers) that eat herbivores
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fourth trophic level
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carnivores (3o consumers) that eat carnivores
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food web
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a series of interconnected food chains
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