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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Optimal time for suture removal in the face?
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3-5 days
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Optimal time for suture removal in the scalp?
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7 days
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Optimal time for suture removal in the chest and extremities?
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8-10 days
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Optimal time for suture removal in high tension joints and hands?
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10-14 days
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Optimal time for suture removal in the back?
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10-14 days
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Povidone-iodine, 10%, Topical Solution
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Betadine
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Hibiclens?
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Chlorhexidine Gluconate (4%)
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Neosporin ointment?
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Bacitracin Zinc +Polymyxin B Sulfate + Neomycin Sulfate
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Polysporin ointment?
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Bacitracin Zinc + Polymyxin B Sulfate (10,000 units)
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Which agent in Neosporin causes the most allergic reactions?
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Neomycin
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Which agent in antibiotic ointments treats mainly gram-negative infections?
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Polymixin-B
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Which agent in antibiotic ointments treats gram positive infections?
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Bacitracin
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Which agent in antibiotic ointments is an aminoglycoside?
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Neomycin
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What is the spectrum of Neomycin?
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Gram negative bacteria with partial activity against Gram positive bacteria
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Which componant of antibiotic ointments can be used as a good alternative to Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) for burn patients with Sulfa-Allergies?
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Bacitracin
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Bactine?
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Benzalkonium chloride with lidocaine.
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Lanacane?
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Benzocaine (20%), Benzethonium Chloride (0.2%)?
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Band-Aid One-Step
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Benzalkonium Chloride (0.13%) foam
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Tefla?
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Curad non-stick pads
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When should primary dressings be changed?
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Every 24 hours or when wet
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Antibiotic in Band-Aid Plus?
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Each gram of ointment contains Polymyxin B Sulfate 10,000 units and Bacitracin Zinc 500 units in a special white petrolatum base
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What is the role of ABD pads as wound dressings?
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For moderate to heavy bleeding.
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Powder first-aid product the reacts with blood to stop bleeding?
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Urgent QR
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Active ingredient in urgent QR?
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Hydrophilic Polymer and Potassium Salt
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First-aid product for minor cuts wear appearance and flexibility are and issue?
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Band-aid liquid bandage and New-Skin
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First-line antibiotic for animal bites?
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Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium 500/125 mg PO tid or 875/125 mg PO bid
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2nd-line antibiotic for animal bites?
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Doxycycline (Vibramycin) 100 mg PO bid, except for children younger than eight years and pregnant women
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Other acceptable combinations for animal bites?
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Clindamycin (Cleocin) and a fluoroquinolone in adults,
Clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) in children. |
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Antibiotic choice for animal bites with the greatest risk of treatment failure due to antimicrobial resistance?
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Erythromycin
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True or false, the canine strain of rabies to date has been eliminated?
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True
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Postexposure prophylaxis for suspected rabies from an animal bite?
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Clean the wound. Human rabies immune globulin @ 20 IU/kg injected at and around the bite site. One dose of human rabies vaccine in deltoid on days 0-3-7-14-28.
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Stage of wound healing that lasts 2 days to 3 weeks and is marked by granulation, collagen deposits, contraction and epithelialization?
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Cellular proliferation
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Stage of wound healing that can last from 3 weeks to 2 years and results from granulation, contraction and resurfacing by epithelial cells.
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Remodeling (Wound closure or maturation).
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Decubitus Ulcers are also known as?
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Pressure sores
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Characterization of stage-1 pressure sores?
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Non-blanchable erythema of intact skin.
Irregularly shaped area of tissue swelling with warmth or edema. Resembles an area prior to formation of a blister. |
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Pressure sore stage marked by full thickness skin loss into subcutaneous tissue with necrosis and undermining that takes 1-3 months to heal?
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Stage-3 pressure sore
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Stage 4 pressure sores are marked by full thickness skin loss with deep extension that involves muscle, bone, tendon, or joint spaces with necrosis, undermining and sinus tracts present. How long does it take for a stage 4 pressure sore to heal?
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12-24 months
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How deep are stage-2 pressure sores?
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Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis or dermis.
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True or false, wounds heal from the top down?
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False
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Are topical antibiotics recommended for pressure sores?
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No, routine antibiotic use & cultures should be avoided due to resistance and common bacterial colonization.
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List the 3 topical anti-infective products recommended when this type of treatment is required for pressure sores.
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Bactroban (mupirocin)
Silvadene (silver sulfadiazine) Flagyl (metronidazole) |
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The two most common systemic infections resulting from pressure sores are?
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Sepsis and Osteomyelitis
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List the 4 primary risk factorsfor pressure ulcers.
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Pressure, shear, friction and moisture
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Cause of internal injuries marked by stretching & angulation of vessels with resultant thrombosis & damage to dermis?
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Shear
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How often should a patient be moved to prevent pressure sores?
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Every 2 hours
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True or false, pressure sores can develop in as little as 15 minutes?
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True.
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In the nutritional assessment & support of pressure ulcers, serum albumin levels should be_________.
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>3.5
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In the nutritional assessment & support of pressure ulcers, the total lipid count (TLC) should be_________.
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>1800
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In addition to dietary protein, what 2 vitamin supplements are recommended most for wound healing?
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Vitamin C 500mg BID
Zinc sulfate 200 - 600 mg QD |
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The wound cleaning product of choice is?
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Normal saline
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True or false, wet-to-dry dressings are recommended for debridement in chronic wound management?
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False, wet-to-moist dressings are now recommended.
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What are wet-to-moist dressings wetted with?
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Normal saline
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Beads placed into a wound bed to absorb exudate, bacteria and other debris are known as?
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Dextranomers
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Dextranomers fall under which wound debridement category?
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Mechanical
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This wound managment involves topical, enzymatic or autolytic debridement.
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Chemical debridement
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A common dextranomer brand name is?
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Debrisan
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Debriding ointment that contains 250 collagenase units per gram of white petrolatum USP?
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Collagenase (Santyl)
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Debridment ointment containing Balsam Peru, Castor Oil USP/NF, Trypsin USP?
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Xenaderm
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Purpose of Balsam Peru in Xenaderm?
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Increases blood flow to the wound site
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List the 4 most important characteristics of wound dressings?
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Permeable to oxygen
Protect against infection Protect from physical injury Provide moist environment for healing |
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Hydrocolloid dressing for the management of light to moderately exuding wounds?
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DuoDerm
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Unique Gelling Foam dressing combining the simplicity of foam with the benefits of Hydrofiber® Technology?
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Versiva
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Polyurethane film providing absorbent, waterproof and bacteria-proof film dressing.
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Op-site
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Topical ulcers caused by fibrin leaking from blood vessels and forming obstructive rings around capillary valves that lead to ischemia and tissue breakdown?
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Venous ulcers
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Most painful topical ulcers?
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Arterial ulcers
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Mechanism explaining arterial ulcers?
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Severe, occlusive disease of the peripheral vascular system.
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Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor for topical administration that promotes chemotactic recruitment and proliferation of cells involved in wound repair and enhances formation of granulation tissue?
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Regranex Gel
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Generic name for Regranex?
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Becaplermin
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How many compressions should be given in CPR?
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30 compressions for every 2 breaths
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How long should ice be applied to a strain or sprain?
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20 minutes on / 20 minutes off
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What is the ibuprofen dose for children?
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10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours
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Best first aid tape for tender skin?
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Paper tape
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Best first aid tape for eye injuries?
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Paper tape
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Strongest first aid tape?
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Cloth tape
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True or false, elevated body temperature is a sign of heat exhaustion?
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False, elevated body temperature is a symptom of heat stroke.
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Pupil dilation occurs in heat exhaustion or heat stroke?
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Heat exhaustion. Small pupils are a sign of heat stroke.
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Active ingredients in Sarna anti-itch spray?
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Camphor (0.5%) Menthol (0.5%)
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Active ingredients in Sarna SS
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Pramoxine Hydrochloride (1%)
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Active ingredients in AfterBite?
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Ammonia (counterirritant) 3.5%
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Topical anesthetic that can be used for burns?
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Benzocaine
Lidocaine Pramoxine |
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When are sutures indicated in wound care?
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Injury occurs on face
Cut is “jagged” looking Cut will not stay shut or can be pulled apart Injury <24 hours old |
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Which of the following is not a definitive indication of a broken bone?
“Pop” sound Tenderness to touch Painful swelling Deformity |
Tenderness to touch
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First aid treatment options for jellyfish stings?
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Acetic Acid
Baking Soda Meat Tenderizer |
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Drug of choice for jellyfish stings?
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Diluted vinegar
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The skin can tolerate temperature up to ____ degrees.
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104 degrees
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Cell damage occurs from burns due to _____?
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Protein denaturation.
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Blisters indicate _______ degree burns?
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Second degree
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True or false, healing of 3rd degree burns will not occur without grafting?
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True
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The rule of nines is used to estimate burn surface area for adults. Name the tool used to estimate the burn surface area in children?
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Lund Browder Diagram
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Adults and children with burns over __________ of the body should be referred to the ED.
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Extensive burns>10% BSA in adults, >5% BSA in children
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Full thickness burns _______ in diameter should be referred to the ED.
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>2 cm
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Topical antimicrobial drug of choice for major burns?
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Silver sufadiazine
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Brand names of silver sufadiazine products?
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SSD, Thermazene, Silvadene
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First Signs of Infection in major burns?
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Erythema
Swelling Increased Tenderness Changes in drainage |
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Most important factors in the selection of dressings for minor burns?
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Sterile is best
Non-adherent Flexible |
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Active ingredient in the topical burn product Sulfamylon?
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Mafenide acetate
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Topical cream containing 4% lidocaine?
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LMX
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Topical Analgesic Lotion Containing Pramoxine?
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Caladryl clear
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Topical analgesic spray containing pramoxine?
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Sarna Sensitive Skin
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When is topical hydrocortisone used for minor burn treatment?
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For itching after the skin has healed and begun to peel.
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Active ingredient in Solarcain?
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Lidocaine Hydrochloride (0.5% )
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Longest radiation length from sun rays?
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UV-A
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Type of radiation produced by tanning beds?
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UV-A
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Sun radiation that causes the most skin damage?
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UV-A
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Sun radiation that causes sunburn?
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UV-B
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True or false, photo-allergic reactions cause skin rashes that extend to non-exposed areas, whereas photo-toxic reactions are confined to the site of exposure?
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True
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Which type of agent causes photo-allergic reactions, topical or systemic?
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Topical
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True or false, photo-allergic reactions are dose related and occur on first exposure?
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False. Unlike phot0-toxic reactions, photo-allergic reactions are not dose related and generally occur on or after the 2nd exposure.
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True or false, photo-toxic reactions can be the result of either topical or systemic exposure?
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True
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Sunscreen product that protects against photosensitivity reactions and is usually found in combinations?
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Menthyl anthranilate- MERADIMATE*
Blocks UV-A |
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Sunscreen ingredients that block both UV-A and UV-B radiation?
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Benzophenones
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Sunscreen ingredient that blocks only UV-B radiation?
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Cinnamates
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Examples of cinnamate sunscreen ingredients?
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Ethylhexyl - p. methoxycinnamate
Octocrylene Octyl methoxycinnamate-OCTINOXATE* |
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Avobenzone contains Parsol 1789 and protects against photosensitivity reactions. What is the active ingredient in this product and what type(s) of radiation are blocked?
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Dibenzolymethane, UV-A
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Which sunscreen ingredient causes the most allergic reactions?
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Oxybenzone
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Sunscreen ingredient that blocks the most UV-B radiation?
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Para-Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA) and PABA Esters
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A good rule of thumb with respect to sunscreens would be to use an oxybenzone containing product _______________and a non-oxybenzone product ____________.
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Oxybenzone below the neck, non oxybenzone above the neck.
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Salicylate containing sunscreens (OCTISALATE) are good for sensitive individuals but require frequent application have only ________ the absorbency of PABA.
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One-third absorbency of PABA (Coppertone)
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Another sunscreen choice for individuals with sensitive skin would be?
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Cinnamates (Octyl methoxycinnamate-OCTINOXATE)
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The main disadvantage of cinnamate containing sunscreens is that they are?
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Easily removed
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Amount of UV-B radiation absorbed by SPF-30?
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97%
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Amount of increase in UV-B protection (above 97%) provided by SPF levels over 30?
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0.8%
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What is the difference between sunscreen oils and sunscreen gels and creams?
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Creams and gels provide best retention
Oils and Lotions have lower SPF numbers |
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Patients with sensitive skin should avoid sunscreen products containing ____________.
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Benzophenones (oxybenzone)
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Examples of Oxybenzone Free sunscreens?
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Banana boat kids and banana boat baby tear free
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Sunscreen product containing Titanium Dioxide (5%) and Zinc Oxide (10%)
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Blue Lizard Sensitive
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Sunscreen Spray containing Octinoxate (7.5%) Octocrylene (10%) and Oxybenzone (3%)
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Bull Frog Sport Spray
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For full coverage, the recommended amount of sunscreen per application is about 30 ml (1 oz.). How many applications are in a 240 ml. bottle?
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Do the math
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Sunscreen product most recommended by pediatricians
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Coppertone Water Babies
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The atopic triad includes?
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Asthma , atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis
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Condition marked by a malfunction of the body's immune system, which causes an acute inflammation of the skin and is characterized by the appearance of dry, red and extremely itchy plaques.
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Atopic dematitis
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Mechansism explaining atopic dermatitis?
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Immune reaction causing increased serum levels of immunoglobulin E.
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Easiest way to distinguish atopic dermatitis from allergic contact dermatitis?
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Atopic dermatitis is usually symetrical
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Main ingredients in Eucerin cream?
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Water, Petrolatum, Mineral Oil
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Main ingredients in Cetaphil lotion?
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Purified Water, Glycerin
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Top 6 topical products that cause contact dermatitis?
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Neomycin
Diphenhydramine Lanolin Urea Benzocaine Benzophenones |
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Active ingredient in Aquaphor ointment?
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Petrolatum
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Main ingredients in emollient/lubricant products?
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Mineral oil
Petrolatum Refined lanolin Dimethicone* Shea butter |
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Mechanism of humectant products?
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Draw water from dermis into epidermis
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Main ingredients in humectant products?
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Glycerin
Sorbitol Propylene glycol |
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Keratin softening agents?
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Allantoin 0.5-2%
Glycolic acid-alpha hydroxy acid Lactic acid Urea 10-30% |
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It's role is to soften the crustiest skin?
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Urea
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Products that exfoliate and result in smoother skin with eventual normalization of keratinization?
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Alpha Hydroxy Acids
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Examples of Alpha Hydroxy Acids?
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Citric acid
Glycolic acid up to 20% OTC Gluconic acid Lactic acid 12%=AmLactin Malic acid |
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What is the purpose of the following agents in chronic wound care?
Gelatin Sponge (Gelfoam) Benzoyl Peroxide Dextranomer Mercurochrome Insulin Powdered Gelatin |
Pharmacologic Agents to Promote Granulation & Epithelialization
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The following agents fall under which class of wound care products?
Op-Site Tegaderm Acu-Derm Bioclusive Opraflex |
Polyurethane Film Dressings to Promote Granulation & Epithelialization
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Under which class would the following wound care agents fit?
Hydrocolloid Occlusive Dressing DuoDerm Comfeel Ulcer Care Intact Restore Wound Care Intrasite |
Occlusive Dressings to Promote Granulation & Epithelialization
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Vigilon and Geliperm are?
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Hydrogel Dressings to Promote Granulation & Epithelialization
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Hydron, Silicone Spray and
Silicone Foam are chronic wound products that? |
Act as Synthetic Barriers and Promote Granulation & Epithelialization
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