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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
achieved status
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a status that individuals secure on the basis of choice and competition
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aggregate
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a collection of anonymous individual who are in one place as the same time
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ascribed status
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a status assigned to an individual by a group or society
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category
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a collection of people who share a characteristic that is deemed to be of social significance
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counterculture
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a subculture whose norms and values are substantially at odds with those of the larger society
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cultural relativism
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a value-free or neutral approach that views the behaviors of a people from the perspective of their own culture
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cultural universals
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patterned and recurrent aspects of life that appear in all known societies
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culture
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the social heritage of a people; thise learned patterns for thinking, feeling, and acting that are transmitted form one generation to the next, including the embodiment of these patterns in material items
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duties
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the actions that others can legitimately insist that we perform
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ethnocentrism
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the tendency to judge the behavior of other groups by the standards of one's own culture
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folkways
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norms people do not deem to be of great importance and to which the exact less stringent conformity
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group
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two or more people who share a feeling of unity and who are bound together in relatively stable patterns of social interaction
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institutions
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the principal instruments whereby the essential tasks of living are organized, directed, and executed
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language
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a socially structured system of sound patterns (words and sentences) with specific and arbitrary meaning
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laws
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rules that are enforced by a special political organization composed of individuals who enjoy the right to use force
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master status
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a key or core status that carries primary weight in a person's interactions and relationships with others
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mores
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norms to which people attach a good deal of importance an exact strict conformity.
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norms
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social rules that specify appropriate and inappropriate behavior in given situation
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rights
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actions that we can legitimately insist that others perform
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role
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a set of expectations (rights and duties) that define the behavior people view as appropriate and inappropriate for the occupant of a status
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role conflict
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the situation in which individuals are confronted with conflicting expectations stemming from their simultaneous occupancies of two or more statues
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role performance
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the actual behavior of the person who occupies a status
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role set
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the multiple roles associated with a single status
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role strain
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the situation which individuals find the expectation of a single role incompatible, so that they have difficulty performing the role
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social structure
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the interweaving of people's interactions and relationships in more or less recurrent and stable patterns
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society
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a group of people who live within the same territory and share common culture
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status
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a position within a group or society; a location in a social structure
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subculture
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a group whose members participate in the main culture of a society while simultaneously sharing a number of unique values, norms, traditions, and lifestyles
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symbols
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acts or objects that have come to be socially accepted as standing for something else
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values
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broad idea regarding what is desirable, correct and good that most members of a society share
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