Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Proxemics
|
Edward T. Hall
- Culturally specific relations in time and space - Culture is communication - "Time is money" - Diff people have diff proxemics based on varying factors such as age, gender, religion, etc. |
|
Intimate Distance
|
0-1 ft.
- Touching is primary sense |
|
Personal Distance
|
1-4 ft.
- Friends, verbal, visual, intimate in public |
|
Social Distance
|
4-12 ft.
- Business, more formal, interpersonal, visual, verbal |
|
Public Distance
|
12+ ft.
- Formal setting, reduced vision, reduced hearing |
|
Non-Material Culture
|
Five major components:
1. Symbols 2. Language 3. Values 4. Beliefs 5. Norms/Rules |
|
Material Culture
|
Products, ex: food, cap, iPhone
|
|
Symbols
|
Anything that carries a meaning recognized by people who share a culture. Allow for continuity.
|
|
Language
|
System of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another. Largest system.
- Proceeds thought - Culture determines language |
|
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
|
- Language proceeds thought
- Culture determines language |
|
Values
|
Abstract ideas or generally accepted standards of behaviour, culturally decided and broad guidelines for evaluating. Ideal or real.
|
|
Ideal Values
|
Values we claim to hold
|
|
Real Values
|
Standards we actually follow
|
|
Beliefs
|
Specific statements that people hold to be true or fase
|
|
Norms/Rules
|
Defining principle by which society come to govern itself. Differ from values, more precise rules.
|
|
Perscriptive Norms
|
What you should do (etiquette)
|
|
Proscriptive Norms
|
What you shouldn't do
|
|
Three Types of Norms
|
1. Folkways- informal customs (etiquette)
2. Mores (Mos)- Customs considered to be correct or necessary for group survival. Strong held norms based on cultural values, moral/ethical, protects majority of people. Ex: taboo is very strong more 3. Laws- Formal rules with sanctions rewards/punishments written (codified) |
|
Civil Law
|
Disputes between persons usually resulting in compensation
|
|
Criminal Law
|
Public Safety resulting in fines or imprisonment
|
|
Subculture
|
A group of people within a single society who possesses, in addition to cultural practices that they share with larger society, certain distinct cultural practices that set them apart.
|
|
Counterculture
|
Group within a single society who strongly opposes the cultural patterns widely accepted within that society, seen as threat the larger society.
Ex: KKK, hippies |
|
Cultural Universal
|
Customs shared across the world
- Murdock 70+ cultural universals such as social institutions, appearance, activities. - Cultural diversity much more prevalent |
|
Cultural Diffusion
|
How we see cultural diversity:
- Exploration - Military encounters - Media - Tourism - Migration - Expanding global economy |
|
Cultural Lag
|
Period of maladjustment when non-material culture is struggling to adapt to new material conditions.
- "Macondaldization" of society - Rule have not caught up to society - Privacy and censorship have not caught up with internet and technology |
|
Ethnocetrism
|
Belief that ones own cultural view is superior or correct view
- Make judgments based on ones own culture - "Us" vs. "Them" - Blind from learning about what this place may have to offer - Superiority complex |
|
Cultural Relativism
|
Opposite of ethnocentrism
- Judging a culture by it's own standards - Can find any behaviour in the world but it's always ethical and/or justifiable |
|
Cultural Materialism
|
Cultural beliefs are a rational adaptation to material conditions, rational adaptation to our environment.
Ex: Hinduism "Cow Love" |
|
Urban Legends (Modern Folklore)
|
Values are enclosed in the stories
1. Passed on by word of mouth 2. People who repeat them believe them to be true 3. Associated with some nearby geographical region 4. Almost always completely false |
|
Structural Functionalism and Culture
|
- Shared norms create stability and are necessary
- Society depends on culture for order - How does it function to ensure survival of society |
|
Conflict Theory and Culture
|
- Norms and values set by dominant class to keep control and power
- Do this through religion, education, etc. - Hero making functions to promote elite interest |
|
Symbolic Interactionist and Culture
|
- Symbolic expression of a culture
- Cultural influences people and people influence culture - Culture is not static |
|
Feminism and Culture
|
- Often like conflict theorists
- Hunting vs. gathering (which played a larger role) - Gendered division of labor (didn't exist in our past, helps us believe we can change it in the future) - How dominant ideology contributes to control and marginalization of women |
|
Androcentrism
|
Most frequent, male centred with female exclusion
|
|
Gynocentricity
|
Female centrism with male exclusion
|