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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the gross anatomy features of spinal cord |
Cervical enlargement, lumbar enlargement, medullary cone, cauda equina, anterior (ventral) median fissure, posterior (dorsal) median sulcus |
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Describe the cervical enlargment |
C4 to T1, in inferior cervical region, where it gives rise to nerves of the upper limbs |
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Describe lumbar enlargement |
T9 to T12, lumbosacral region, where it gives rise to nerves of the pelvic region and lower limbs |
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Describe medullary cone |
tapered distal end of spinal cord |
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Describe cauda equina |
bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 TO S5; resembles a horse's tail; innervates the pelvic organs and lower limbs. |
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Describe the anterior (ventral) median fissure |
longitudinal groove of cord on anterior side, wider and deeper than posterior |
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Describe the posterior (dorsal) median sulcus |
longitudinal groove of cord on posterior side |
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outermost to innermost the spinal meninges and spaces that surround spinal cord |
Epidural space> dura mater> arachnoid > subarachnoid space > pia mater |
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Tissue of epidural space |
filled with fat and CT |
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Tissue of dura mater |
dense irregular CT |
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Tissue of arachnoid |
avascular, modified loose CT w/ weblike extensions of collagen and elastic fibers
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tissue of subarachnoid space |
filled with cerebralspinal fluid made by ependymal cells |
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tissue of pia mater |
collagen + few elastic fibers |
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Location of a skeletal motor neuron's cell body |
ventral (Anterior) horn |
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location of motor axon |
ventral root |
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location of cardiac and smooth muscle motor neuron bodies |
lateral horn |
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location of general sensory neuron cell body |
dorsal root ganglion |
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location of sensory axon |
dorsal root |
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Ascending tracts carry _____________ information _____________ the cord |
sensory; up. |
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SPINOthalamic is what tract |
ascending |
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Descending tracts conduct ___________ impulses ________ the cord |
motor; down |
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TectoSPINAL is what tract |
descending |
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What are the functions of the spinal cord
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Conduction pathway (white matter) Integration centers (gray matter) Locomotion |
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What are the 5 components of the reflex arc |
Somatic (Sensory) receptors, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron, and effecter |
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Describe somatic receptors (sensory) |
in the skin, muscle or tendon; sensory |
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describe Sensory neuron |
Posterior root, afferent carry information from sensory receptors into the posterior horn of the spinal cord |
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describe integrating center |
gray matter neuron pool of spinal cord or brainstem determine what signal to send to the muscle |
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describe motor neuron |
anterior root; efferent originates in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and carry motor impulses to the skeletal muscles |
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describe effecter |
skeletal muscles; carry out response |
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Two structures that join to form a spinal nerve |
dorsal root + ventral root |
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Name of the 2 branches of a spinal nerve |
dorsal and ventral rami |
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spinal nerves are ___________ nerves |
mixed; having both sensory and motor |
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The posterior ramus innervates the |
muscles and joint in that region of the spine and skin of the back |
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the anterior ramus, the largest, innervates the |
anterior and lateral skin and muscles of the trunk and gives rise to nerves of the limbs |
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Types of spinal nerves |
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal |
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Number of cervical spinal nerves |
8 |
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number of thoracic spinal nerves |
12 |
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number of lumbar spinal nerves |
5 |
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number of sacral spinal nerves |
5 |
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number of coccygeal spinal nerves |
1 |
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How many total pairs of spinal nerves |
31 |
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Define a dermatome |
area of skin providing sensory input to a given nerve |
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clinical importance of dermatome |
Spinal nerve damage is assessed by testing the dermatomes with pinpricks and noting areas in which the patient has no sensation. Clinically useful, but nerves do overlap. |