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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name 4 antipsychotics (neuroleptics).
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thioridazine, haloperidol, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine
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What is the MOS of antipsychotics?
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block dopamine D2 receptors
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Drug class used to treat excess dopamine connected with schizophrenia?
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antipsychotics
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Adverse effects of antipsychotics?
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extrapyramidal symptoms, gynacomastia, dry mouth, constipation, hypotension, sedation. Important: neuroleptic malignant syndrome and tardive dyskinesia!
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Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
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rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability, hyperpyrexia
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How do you treat neuroleptic malignant syndrom?
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dantrolene and dopamine agonists
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What are EPS side effects?
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acute dystonia, akinesia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia (often irreversible)
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Name 3 atypical antipsychotics.
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clozapine, olanzapine, riserperidone
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MOA of clozapine?
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blocks 5-HT2 and dopamine receptors
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Clinical use of olanzapine?
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schizo positive and neg. symptoms, OCD, anxiety disorder, depression, mania, tourettes
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Side effects of atypical antipsychotics?
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fewer EPS and fewer anticholinergic side effects than typical antipsychotics. Clozapine may cause agranulocytosis.
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Clinical use of lithium?
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mood stabilizer for bipolar affective disorder; blocks relapse and acute mania events
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Side effects of lithium?
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tremor, hypothyroidism, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, teratogenesis. Narrow therapeautic window!!
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Buspirone MOA?
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stimulates 5-HT1a receptors
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Buspirone clinical use?
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generalized anxiety disorder
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Name the 4 main classes of antidepressants.
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SSRIs, TCAs, Heterocyclic antidepressants, MAOIs
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Name 4 SSRIs.
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fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram
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Toxicity of SSRIs?
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fewer side effects than TCAs. GI distress, sexual dysfunction, "serotonin syndrome" if used with MAOIs (= hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, CV collapse)
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Do antidepressants work immediately?
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No, usually takes 2-3 weeks
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What drug class do the following belong to: imipramine, amitriptyline, desipramine, nortriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin?
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TCAs
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How do TCAs work?
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block reuptake of NE and serotonin
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Which TCAs have more anticholinergic side effects?
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tertiary TCAs (amitriptyline) have more than secondary TCAs (nortriptyline)
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What are the major toxixities associated with TCAs?
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"Tri-C's" = Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxicity (arrhythmias). Also resp. depression and hyperpyrexia (extremely high fever)
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Name the 5 heterocyclic antidepressants.
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Bupropion, Venlafaxine, Mirtazapine, Maprotiline, Trazodone
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Which antidepressant is also used for smoking cessation?
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Bupropion
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MOA of Venlafaxine?
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inhibits serotonin, NE, and dopamine reuptake
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MOA of Mirtazapine?
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alpha-2 antagonist (increases release of NE and serotonin), 5-HTs and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
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MOA of Maprotiline?
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blocks NE reuptake
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MOA of trazodone?
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inhibits serotonin reuptake
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Name 2 MAOIs
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phenelzine, tranylcypromine
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Clinical use of MAOIs?
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atypical depression with psychotic or phobic features, anxiety, hypochondriasis
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Important toxicity of MAOIs?
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Hypertensive crisis with tyramine ingestion (red wine, cheese, fava beans) and meperidine.
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