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29 Cards in this Set
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An antigen produced in the fetal liver that can appear in certain diseases of adults, such as liver cancer, and whose level in amniotic fluid can be used to detect certain fetal abnormalities, including Down syndrome and spina bifida
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alpha-fetprotein
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The absence of menstrual periods
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amenorrhea
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a procedure used to diagnose fetal defects in the early second trimester of pregnancy. A sample of the amniotic fluid, which surrounds a fetus in the womb, is collected through a pregnant woman's abdomen using a needle and syringe. Tests performed on fetal cells found in the sample can reveal the presence of many types of genetic disorders, thus allowing doctors and prospective parents to make important decisions about early treatment and intervention.
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amniocentesis
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The thin yellowish fluid secreted by the mammary glands at the time of parturition that is rich in antibodies and minerals, and precedes the production of true milk. Also called foremilk.
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colostrum
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a technique of feeling for a movable object in the body, esp confirmation of pregnancy by feeling the rebound of the fetus following a quick digital tap on the wall of the uterus
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ballottement
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a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal wellbeing, involving a scoring system
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biophysical profile (BPP)
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performed near the end of pregnancy to determine how well the fetus will cope with the contractions of childbirth. The aim is to induce the contractions and monitor the baby to check for heart rate abnormalities. It involves the release of oxytocin into the blood stream of the pregnant woman by the stimulation of the nipples. The target is to achieve around three contractions every ten minutes.
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contraction stress test
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a tightening of the uterine muscles for one to two minutes and is thought to be an aid to the body in its preparation for birth.
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Braxton hicks contractions
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a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina and vulva caused by venous congestion. It can be observed as early as 6-8 weeks after conception, and is often used as an early sign of pregnancy.
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chadwicks sign
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also known as chloasma or the mask of pregnancy when present in pregnant women is a tan or dark facial skin discoloration
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chloasma
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an exercise designed to strengthen the pubococcygeus muscles. The exercises consist of the regular clenching and unclenching of the muscles which form part of the pelvic floor (sometimes called the "Kegel muscles").
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Kegel exercises
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a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus
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Leopold maneuvers
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one of the three main estrogens produced by the human body. It is only produced in significant amounts during pregnancy as it is made by the placenta.
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estriol
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a subjective sensation reported by many women late in pregnancy as the fetus settles lower in the true pelvis, leaving more space in the upper abdomen. The diaphragm, no longer restricted by the fundus of the uterus beneath it, can move down more fully during inspiration, allowing deeper breaths. The stomach, too, is less compressed, so the woman can comfortably eat more food at each meal. Urinary frequency occurs as the fetus drops. The profile of the abdomen changes with lightening, because the round, full uterus is visibly lower. The baby is then said to have "dropped."
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lightening
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The date at which an infant is expected to be born, calculated from the date of the last menstrual period. Also called due date
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E.D.C. estimated date of confinement
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softening of the cervix; a sign of pregnancy.
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Goodell's sign
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a pregnant woman;
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gravida
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softening of the lower uterine segment; indicative of pregnancy.
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Hegar's sign
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enlarged veins in the anus or lower rectum.
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hemorrhoids
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a placental hormone that may be deficient in certain abnormalities of pregnancy. The normal concentrations of this hormone in serum after the fifth week of pregnancy are 0.5 μg/mL and increase to approximately 8 μg/mL at the time of delivery. Also called chorionic somatomammotropin.
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human placental lactogen
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the linea alba when it has become pigmented in pregnancy.
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linea nigra
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magnetic resonance imaging
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MRI
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A blowing sound, synchronous with the cardiac systole of the mother, heard on auscultation over the pregnant uterus. Also called placental souffle.
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uterine souffle
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ausea of early pregnancy.
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morning sickness
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A rule used as a means of estimating date of delivery by counting back three months from the first day of the last menstrual period and adding seven days.
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Nagele's rule
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he monitoring of the response of the fetal heart rate to fetal movements by cardiotocography.
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nonstress test
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the first feeling by a pregnant woman of movement of her baby in utero, usually occurring between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation
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quickening
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Stretch marks resulting from pregnancy
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striae gravidarum
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The use of ultrasonic waves for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, specifically to visualize an internal body structure, monitor a developing fetus, or generate localized deep heat to the tissues.
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ultrasound
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