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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Life spam development |
The way in which people grow, change and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception to death. |
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Cognitive development |
Refers to maturation of thought processes and the tools that we have to use to obtain knowledge, become aware aware of the world around us and solves problems. |
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Socialemotional development |
Includes changes in personality, emotions, view of oneself, social skills and interpersonal relationships with family and friends. |
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Non-normative influence |
Those tied to chronological age, such as the age at which the average person gets married, reaches puberty, graduates high school, gets marry or has children, are also shape by the context as the normative age of each these events has shifted over the las few generations. |
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Continuous vs discontinuous development |
Continuous - slow and gradual changes throughout life. Gradual and steady changes that occurs. Discontinuos - abrupt change sudden transformation in abilities and capacities. |
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Passive viewpoint |
Individual are shaped by their environment |
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Nature viewpoint |
inborn genetic endowments or heredity, maturational processes, and evolution as causes of developmental changes. |
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Nurture viewpoint |
the view that individuals are molded by the physical and social environment in which they are raised, including the home, school, workplace, neighborhood, and social. |
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# Erickson psychosocial stages |
There are 8 stages. 1- Trust vs. Mistrust 2- Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt 3- Initiative vs. Guilt 4- Industry vs. Inferiority 5- Identify vs. Role Confusion 6- Intimacy vs. Isolation 7- Generality vs. Stagnation 8- Integrity vs. Despair |
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Operant conditioning |
Behavior becomes more or less probable depends on its consequence |
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B.F. Skinner operant conditioning |
Focus on observable behavior and outside environment stimuli. Voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by association negative or positive consequences. |
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Founder cognitive development perspective |
Jean Piaget - focus on process that allow people to know, understand and think about the world. Human thinking is arranged in organized mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions; understanding of the world improve through assimilation and accommodation. |
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Cognitive schemas |
Views children and adults as active explores of their world, learning by interacting with their world around them. Organizing what they learn into cognitive schema, or concept, ideas and ways of interacting on the world.
Concept or frame work that organizes and interprets information. |
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Information processing theory |
A perspective that views thinking as information processing and posits that the mind works in a similar was to a computer because information enters, is manipulated, stored, recalled, and used to solve problems. |
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Data in research |
scientists use the term data to refer to the information that they collect when they conduct research. |
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Structured observation |
Entail observing and recording behaviors displayed in a controlled environment, a situation constructed by the experimenter. |
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Questionaries |
Are known as self-report measures because the person understudy answers questions about his or her experiences attitudes, opinions, beliefs, and behaviors. |
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Random assignments |
Whereby each participants has an equal chance if begins assigned to the experimental or control group, is essential for ensuring that the groups are equal in all preexisting characteristics (such as age, ethnicity and gender) |
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Sequential research design
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combine the best features of cross-sectional and longitudinal research by assessing multiple cohort over time, enabling scientists to make comparisons that disentangle that effects of cohorts over time, enabling scientist to make comparisons that disentangle the effects of cohort and age. |
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Integrity in research |
requires that scientists be accurate, honest, and truthful in their work and make every effort to keep their promises to the people and communities with which they work. |
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Autonomy in research |
Scientist have a special obligation to respect participant’s autonomy the ability to make and implement decisions |
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Informed consent |
ethical codes of conduct require that researchers obtain informed concept from each participant - their informed, rational, and voluntary agreement to participate. |
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Assent in research |
Although children cannot provide informed concept, researchers respect their growing capacities for decision making in ways that are appropriated to their age by seeking assent, children’s agreement to participate. May involve simply asking if he or she wants to play with the researcher and answer some questions. |
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Chromosome of zygote |
There are 46 chromosome. |
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Fastest growing body part 5th week of development |
The brain develop raptly, and the head develop faster than the other parts of the body during the fifth week of development |
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Indifferent gonads become |
Ovaries and intestines During the seventh week, webbed fingers and toes are apparent; they separate completely by the end of the eighth weeks. A ridge called the indifferent gonad appears; it will develop into the female or male genitals, depending on the sex chromosome of the fetus |
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Lanugo |
afine down like hair that covers the fetus’s body; it is gradually replaced byhuman hair.
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% world’s birth defects occur in developing countries. |
About 85% of the world’s birth defects occurs in developing countries. |
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% infants born without defects
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Each year 97% of infant are born without defects
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Contextual actor often co-occur with prenatal substance abuse |
Poverty |
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Spinabifida
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Occurs when the lower part of the neural tube fails to close
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Length first stage labor
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It typically last 8 to 14 hours for a woman having her first child; forlater-born children, the average is 3-8 hours
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Midwife
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Prepares a mother to give birth in her home. Birth practices vary by culture.
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Midwife |
They are more prepare than parent and more likely to use medical resource.
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Most childbirth occurs where? |
Hospitals |
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APGAR % achieve score of 7-10 at 5 minute |
Over 98% of all newborns in the united states achieve a five-minute score of 7-10, indicating good heath. |
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% low birth weight babies in US yearly |
About 8% of infants born in the united state each year are low birth |
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Pretermbaby
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(or premature) born before their due date
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Hi transition to newborns occur how |
Thought the bodily fluids after birth. Breast feeding |
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#1 substance consumed pregnancy identified leading cause of developmental disabilities. |
Alcohol |
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Anencephaly
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occurs when the top part of the neutral tube fails to close.
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Supplementto protect against spina bifida
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Afolic acids (a B vitamin)
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Maternalage increase risk of Down Syndrome
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Increase rapidly After 40 years old.
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Psychoanalytictheory of development- what happens in it
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Describe development and behavior as a result of the interplay of inner drives, memories, and conflicts of which we are unaware and cannot control.
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Personassociated with psychoanalytic perspective
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Sigmund Freud.
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Vygotsky's point of view of his theory |
He argued that acquiring language is a particularly important milestone for children because it enables them to think in new ways and have more sophisticated dialogues with other in their culture, advancing their learning about culturally valued perspectives and activities. |
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Vygotsky's theory
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Examines how culture is transmitted from one generation to the next through social interaction.
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Largest cell in the human body
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The ovum in the largest cell in the human body, yet is only 1/175th of an inch in diameter
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Implantation
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In which the blastocyst borrows into the wall of the uterus, begins at about day 6 and is completed by about day 11
6-11 |
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Vernixcaseosa
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The skin is covered a greasy material; protects the fetal skin from abrasions, chappings, and hardening that can occur with exposure to amniotic fluid.
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Erik Erickson point of view |
Emphasizedinfluences of society
Developmentis lifelong, not just during childhood -each of eight of development involves a‘crisis’ -crisis resolution gains a “virtue” |