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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cultural Specialties |
Refer to elements of culture (skills, trainings, knowledge..)which are limited to a certain group or society. These are elements of culture that are shared by members of certain social groups, but which are not shared by the whole population. |
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Culture |
nation's social heritage embodied in their material and non-material components passed on from one generation to another. |
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Culture |
consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a group or society. |
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Society |
A group of people sharing a common culture |
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Society |
It is the interrelated and overlapping social relationships among the different social institutions with members who are interacting with each other. |
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Politics |
Concerned with the distribution of power and authority among members of a certain group. |
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-It can provide direction, discourage chaos, and direct behavior. -It serves as a collective representation of groups and societies to inspire unity and mutual support. -Maintains order in the society |
Positive Functions of Culture |
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Culture can create and sustain social inequalities |
Dysfunction of Culture. |
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Learned Normative Cumulative Adaptive Diverse |
Characteristics of Culture |
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Culture is Learned |
It is not biological; we do not inherit it. |
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Enculturation |
-We learn culture from families, peers, institutions, and media. -We also acquire culture through observation -Process of learning culture |
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Culture is Shared |
-Culture is transmitted in society. -Shared beliefs, values, memories, and expectations link people who grow up in the same culture. -Enculturation unifies people by providing us with common experiences. |
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Culture is Transmitted |
-Transmission of culture is made possible by language. Language is the main vehicle of culture. -Transmission of culture may take place also through imitation as well as through instruction. |
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Culture is Dynamic |
-This simply means that cultures interact and change. -Cultures are not uniform. Cultural elements like customs,traditions, morals, values, and beliefs are not constant. |
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Culture is Normative |
-Culture consists of a set of norms -Culture serves as the norm of the people's actions. |
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Culture is Continuous and Cumulative |
-Culture exists as a continuous process. -No culture ever remains constant or permanent. -It is subject to slow but constant variation. Likewise, culture is responsive to the changing conditions of the physical world; hence, it is dynamic. |
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-Universals -Specialties -Alternatives |
General Categories of Culture Based on Extent of Being Practiced |
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Cultural Universals |
is an element, patterns or traits that are globally common to all human cultures worldwide. |
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Cultural Specialties |
Refer to elements of culture (skills, trainings, knowledge..)which are limited to a certain group or society. These are elements of culture that are shared by members of certain social groups, but which are not shared by the whole population. |
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-International -National -Subculture -Counterculture -High Culture -Popular Culture |
General Categories of Culture Based on Scope |
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International Culture |
culture that extends beyond national borders. It's not confined to a country, a people group, or even a continent. |
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National Culture |
This represents the beliefs and practices shared by the citizens of the same nation. |
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Subculture |
is a smaller cultural group within a larger culture. |
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Counterculture |
is a type of subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from the mainstream society, often in opposition to the dominant culture. |
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Counterculture Examples |
Social Movements -Feminist (sexism) -Civil Rights Movement (racism) -Gay Rights Movement (homophobia) -Militant groups -Home-schooling |
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Counterculture |
might actively defy larger society by developing their own set of rules and norms to live by, sometimes even creating communities that operate outside of greater society. |
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High Culture |
Consists of activities patronized by elite audiences consists of members of upper class. opera, ballet, classical music |
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Popular Culture |
Consists of activities, products and services that are assumed to appeal to members of the middle and working classes. concerts, movies, soap operas |
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-Norms -Folkways -Mores -Laws -Taboos -Values and Beliefs -Symbol and Language |
Components of Culture Non-Material |
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Non-Material Culture |
Intangible products created and shared between the members of a culture over time |
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Norms |
govern our lives by giving us implicit and explicit guidance on what to think and believe, how to behave, and how to interact with others. |
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Folkways |
-These are the customs or conventions of everyday life. -Norms for routine or casual interaction. -General rules -We observe them in our casual social interaction and which are repetitive in nature. |
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Mores |
-are norms that embody the moral views and principles of a group. Violating them can have serious consequences. -They embody the code of ethics and standards of morality. |
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Taboo |
-Is an adamant negative norm. -It is a strict prohibition of behavior that society holds so strongly. -Violating it results in extreme disgust or expulsion from the group or society. -Often violators is considered unfit to live in that society. |
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Law |
-Formalized norms -Formally inscribed at the state or federal level and is enforced by police or law enforcement agencies. |
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Values |
-are culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society -guide man's behavior and action as he relates himself to most situationsbin life. -help shape society by suggesting what is good and bad, beautiful and ugly, sought or avoided. |
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Beliefs |
are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true that largely influence their thoughts and behaviors. |
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Symbols |
-such as gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words—help people understand the world. -Symbols provide clues to understanding experiences. -They have meanings that are shared by societies. |
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Language |
is a symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. |
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-Basic -Technology and Artifacts -Collective forms of Behaviour -Fad -Fashion -Craze |
Components of Culture Material |
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Material Culture |
Any tangible product created and shared between the members of a culture over time |
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Fads |
Are mainstream objects, ideas or beliefs. It is a shared excitement of a social group or a society towards something. Are often seen as sudden, quick-spreading, and short-lived. |
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Fashion |
- are the mainstream styles, patterns, look, brands, material, etc. that are usually worn by a lot of people at a given period of time. -Basically, it is the taste of people in terms of clothing and what the clothing trends are. |
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Craze |
are the objects or activities that people go crazy for. Most of the time, they appear all of a sudden. |
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Ethnocentrism |
People tend to be prejudiced regarding their point of view of other cultures. |
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Cultural Relativism |
A point of view that sees all cultures to be equal with each other. |
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Ethnocentrism |
A point of view in which people use their home culture as the standard for judging the worth of another culture (Ferrante 2014). |
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Xenocentrism |
This is the idea that what is foreign is best |
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Cultural Diversity |
-Having different cultures respect each other’s differences. -Way to describe the presence of different cultures in our country and world. -Multiculturalism |
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Culture Shock |
Feelings of disbelief, disorganization and frustration one experiences when he/she encounters a culture different from his. |
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Future Shock |
A state of distress or disorientation due to rapid social or technological change. The sensation of panic and unease that happens when people are “overwhelmed” by change. |
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Cultural Alternatives |
Indicates alternative values, beliefs, customs practiced in a particular society |