Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the different types of soil |
Sandy soil, slit soil, clay soil, low loamy soil |
|
Why are earthworm so important for soil |
Earth worms increase soil aeration, infiltration, structure, nutrient cycling, water movement and plant growth |
|
What are some examples of organisms that live in soil |
Bacteria, mites, nematodes |
|
Loose, weather in material on earth surface and which plants can grow |
Soil |
|
What is soil made of |
Mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water, and air |
|
That’s all the layer of rock beneath the soil |
Bed rock |
|
Once exposed to the surface what gradually weathers into smaller and smaller particles that are the basic material of soil |
Bedrock |
|
What causes bedrock to become exposed at the surface |
Weathering and erosion |
|
What are some examples of materials that come from weathered bed rock |
Sand, salt, and Clay |
|
What else makes up soil besides weather bed rock |
Decayed organic material called humus |
|
What does hummus form from |
It forms as plant and animal remains to K |
|
What helps create spaces in soil for air and water and also contains nutrients that plants needs |
Humus |
|
What is meant by soil fertility |
The fertility of soil is a measure of how well the soil supports plant growth |
|
Soil texture is important for what |
Plant growth |
|
Soil that is made up of equal parts of clay, sand, and silt is called what |
Loam |
|
What is the best soil for growing most plants |
Loam |
|
A substance with a pH less than four is strongly what |
Acidic |
|
A substance with a pH of seven is what |
Neither acidic nor basic |
|
Exception to the pH greater than 10 is strongly what |
Basic |
|
Most garden plants grow best and soy with a pH between what? |
6 and 7.5 |
|
What forms as rock is broken down by weathering and mixes with other materials on the surface |
Soil |
|
What forms constantly as bedrock weathers and continues over a long period of time |
Soil |
|
Soil develops layers called what |
Horizons |
|
What forms as bedrock begins to weather and break up into small particles |
C horizon |
|
What is made up of topsoil |
A horizon |
|
A crumbly dark brown soil that is a mixture of hummus, Clay and other materials |
Topsoil |
|
What forms as plants at organic material to the soil and plant roots weather pieces of rock |
Topsoil |
|
What is often called subsoil |
B horizon |
|
What consist of Clay and other particles of rock but little hummus |
B Horizon |
|
How does the B horizon form |
It forms as rain water wash his material down from the A horizon |
|
Which layer contains the most organic material |
A horizon |
|
And what climates do you expect soil to form fastest |
Warm wet Clements because weathering occurs fast there |
|
What are three characteristics used to describe soil |
Fertility, texture and PH |
|
Describe the a horizon |
Includes Humus, Clay and minerals |
|
Describe the B horizon |
Contains little humus |
|
Describe the C horizon |
Contains mostly rock |
|
Hummus forms in a process called what |
Decomposition |
|
Organisms called what break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and I just them with chemicals |
Decomposers |
|
What are some examples of decomposers |
Fungi, bacteria, worms and other organisms |
|
What organism does most of the work of mixing hummus with other materials in soil |
Earth worms |
|
How do Burrowing mammal such as my Smalls prairie dogs and gophers affect the soil |
They break up hard compacted soil and makes hummus through it |
|
What is the composition of soil |
Rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water and air |
|
Loose weathered material in which plants can grow |
Soil |
|
Why is hummus important in soil |
It helps create spaces and soil for air and water and it contains nutrients plants need |
|
In what order do the soil horizons form |
C, a and B |
|
What is another name for the a horizon and what does it consist of |
Topsoil which contains hummus Clay and minerals |
|
Front (Term) |
Review above |
|
Process that splits rock when water gets into cracks then freezes and expands this process goes on repeatedly |
Frost wedging |
|
The management of soil to limit it’s Destruction |
Soil conservation |
|
Chemical weathering of rock by plants growing on them producing weak acids which dissolve the rock |
Lichen |
|
Tiny pieces of rock caused by weathering |
Sediment |
|
Physical weathering of rock by animals digging in the ground |
Animals burrowing |
|
The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces |
Mechanical weathering |
|
The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil’s fertility |
Crop rotation |
|
Process in which sediment is lay down in new locations |
Deposition |
|
A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen. Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water to form rust |
Oxidation |
|
Anything naturally occurring and the environment that Humans use |
Natural resource |
|
Rock being broken down through motion for us another physical processes |
Physical weathering |
|
Pollution mixes with rain water and falls onto rocks causing them to dissolve |
Acid rain |
|
The measure of how well the soil supports the plant |
Fertility |
|
An Organism that gets energy by breaking down waist and dead organisms and returns materials to the water and soil |
Decomposers |
|
The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes |
Chemical weathering |
|
Water is the best at sorting sediments but when can do it to |
Water and wind |
|
Examples of how gravity causes erosion |
Landslides mudflows and rockslides |
|
Route and stems of plants will grow through cracks and rocks causing the rocks to crack even more |
Root/plant action |
|
The process by which water ice wind or gravity moves weather particles of rock and soil |
Mechanical weathering |