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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rioja Alavesa
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Chalk rich soils produce lighter bodied wines with finesse
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Rioja Alta
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Clay soils suited to Viura
or Red, iron rich soils suited to Tempranillo |
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Rioja Baja
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Heavy Clay soils
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Navarra
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Broad range of soil types
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Carinena
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Red/brown limestone with rocky subsoil. High levels of calcium carbonate and slate in places
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Catatayud
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Brown limestone and loam over slate and gypsum
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Penedes
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Sandy soils in coastal areas
Chalk and clay on hill sites High quentity of limestone |
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Conca de Barbera
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Limestone bedrock
Brown top soil containing chalk and alluvial soils |
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Costers del Segre
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Sandy top soil over limestone
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Priorat
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'Llicorella' volcanic topsoil
is red slate and mica, about 50cm thick over bedrock of schist |
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Tarragona
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Dark soils
Alluvial on plains/coast (Tarragona Campo) Some limestone in hills (Tarragona Falset |
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Terra Alta
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Dark brown top soil on a base of limestone and clay
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Toro
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Duero Valley
Mainly alluvial Northern areas of sand with stoney or limestone subsoil |
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Rueda
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Soils rich in iron with good drainage
High chalk content in north beside the Duero |
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Ribera del Duero
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Best sites have high limestone content and large stones to aid drainage
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Bierzo
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Rich, fertile soil
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Rias Baixas
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Sand or alluvial topsoils over granite bedrock
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Valencia
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Clay by coast
Limestone inland/higher |
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Alicante
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Alluvial soils plus degraded limestone over limestone subsoil
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Jumilla
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Dry sandy soil
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Yecla
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limestone bedrock with brown subsoil and high carbonate content
or sandy topsoil with clay |
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La Mancha
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Dry and hard with shallow sandy topsoil
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Valdepenas
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Limestone based with good water retention
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Vinho Verde
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Granite bedrock, sand and granite topsoil
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Bairradea
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Bairro is Portugese for clay!
Heavy clay soils with high limestone content |
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Ribatejo
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Broad range of soils, from alluvial river plains to clay/sandstone/lime
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Palmela
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Limestone on hills, sand on plains
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Alentejo
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Loam with granite and schist
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Stellenbosch District
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Granite and sandstone
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Paarl District
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Varied from sand to decomposed granite
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Tulbagh District
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Low ph granite slopes. Riverbanks of deep sand and stone on clay
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South African Hilltop soils
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Well drained deep granite and clay
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South African Slope Soils
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Shallow to medium. Sand covering heavy clay
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South African Valley Soils
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Medium to deep alluvial and sandstone
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Lower Hunter Zone
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Mainly Volcanic basalt
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Port Phillip Zone
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Varied
(sand, clay, loam, volcanic) |
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Western Victoria Zone
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Limestone rich (Grampians, Pyrenees, Bendigo)
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Barossa Zone
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Limestone and ironstone
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Coonawarra
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Limestone coast zone
Red terra rossa over limestone base |
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South Island NZ soils
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free draining stoney loam with chateauneuf style pudding stones which store heat during day and release at night (flat river valleys)
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High water retention in NZ soils necessitates?
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- inter-row crops
- drainage channels - rootstock to minimise vigor |
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Auckland
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Heavy clay based soils
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Gisborne
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Fertile soils
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Hawkes Bay
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Gimlett Gravels sub region of well drained gravel
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Marlborough
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Best on stony, free draining soils in Wairau, Waihopai and Awatere Valleys
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Santa Cruz Mountains
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California North Central Coast
Poor soil producing great wines |
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Medoc AC
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Predominantly clay with some gravel (no 1855 properties)
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Graves AC
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Red on gravel
White on sandy soils |
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Saint-Emilion AC
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Premier Grand Cru Classe and Grand Crus grown on =
North West plateau - well drained gravel and limestone or South East limestone escarpment (Sandy soils below this escarpment produce lighter wines) |
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3 Main Bordeaux Soils
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Alluvial - lowest level
Limestone subsoil - St Emilion Gravel over marl and flint - Haut Medoc and Pessac-Leognan |
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Bordeaux Riverbanks
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Alluvial
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St Emilion dominent soil
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Limestone subsoil with broken stone and sand (also on hillsides in other areas of Bordeaux)
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Haut Medoc and Pessac-Leognan
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Free draining gravel over base of marl and flint
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Cote d'Or
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Limestone and marl
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Maconnais
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Limestone
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2 main Burgundy soils
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Calcareous clay (mainly Chardonnay)
Limestone and Marl (mainly Pinot Noir) |
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Burgundy soil factors
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- steepness of slope
- direction of slope - depth - drainage - heat retention - mineral content In best sites shallow soils force roots to penetrate limestone base |
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Beaujolais soils
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North West = rolling hills of granitic schist (best sites)
Eastern = alluvial Southern = limestone |
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Alsace Upper Slopes
Ribeauville to Turckheim and around Selestat |
Alluvial granite and gneiss
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Alsace Upper Slopes
To the North at Andlau |
Schist. Quartz and clay
Less permeable than granite |
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Alsace Upper Slopes
Narrower river valleys eg Thann and Guebwiller |
Sedimentary volcanic
mineral rich sandstone with schist and volcanic rock |
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Alsace Upper Slopes
soil type with poor mineral content |
Sandstone.
Sandy, light and permeable |
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Alsace Upper Slopes
4 soil types |
- Alluvial granite and gneiss
- Schist (quartz and clay) - Sedimentary volcanic - Sandstone |
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Alsace Lower Slopes
soil types |
- Calcareous
- Calcareous sandstone - Clay/marl - Calcareous/marl (best for vine) |
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Alsace Lower Slopes
Between Ribeauville and Rouffach |
Calcareous
fertility varies with clay content Dry and pebbly |
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Alsace Lower Slopes
Calcareous Sandstone |
Less Clay
Better Drainage Less Fertile |
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Alsace Lower Slopes
Clay/marl |
small pebbles on heavy, almost impermeable soil.
Rich in fertilising elements |
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Alsace Lower Slopes
Calcareous/marl |
- poor
- deep - rich in calcium - bes suited to the vine |
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Alsace plains soil types
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- base of lowest slopes
- good drainage, water and sun - large soil variations - Rootstock selection needed |
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Alsace Grand Cru Sites
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Defined by analysis of soil for organic, phosphoric and potassium content.
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Alsace Riesling suitable soil
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Granite and Schist
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Alsace Gewuztraminer suitable soil
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Deep marl in the foothills
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Alsace suitable soil for:
Pinot Gris |
Deep soils rich in clay and fine particles or volcanic rock
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Alsace suitable soil for:
Muscat |
sandy or calcareous soils
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Alsace suitable soil for:
Pinot Blanc |
Light, fertile soils
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Alsace suitable soil for:
Sylvaner |
Deep sandy or chalk soils
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Alsace suitable soil for:
Pinot Noir |
Sandy and Calcareous soils similar to Burgundy
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Alsace suitable soil for:
Chasselas |
Tolerates a range of soils
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Sancerre soils
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Chalky
well draining stoney soil rich in marine fossils |
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Pouilly Fume
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Flinty
well draining stoney soil rich in marine fossils |
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Menetou-Salon AC
Reuilly AC Quincy AC |
- Kimmeridgian clay similar to Chablis
- hard calcaire and sandy soils |
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Touraine
Vouvray |
Well draining limestone rich in marine fossils and calcium
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Chinon 3 soil types
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- Sandy, Vienne River Valley
- Clay and gravel, North. plateau - Limestone, Hillside slopes |
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Montlouis AC
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Across river from Vouvray, similar well draining limestone soils rich in calcium and marine fossils
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Bourgueil AC
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South facing limestone slopes
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Anjou-Saumur
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Mix of volcanic, metamorphic, schist, limestone and carboniferous rock
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Saumur AC
Saumur-Champigny AC |
Chenin (dry to sweet)
Cabernet Franc Tuffeau |
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Nantais
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Diverse but predominately
- well drained schist and gneiss - some granite and sandy soils |
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Muscadet de Sevre et Maine AC
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High quality rolling hills
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Mosel
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Riesling on steep slate soils
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Rheingau
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- slopes of slate, loess & loam
- sandy loam in the valley - dark slate absorbs day heat and warms at night |
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Nahe
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- Northern sandy loam for Muller-Thurgau and Silvaner
- Riesling on prophry, quartz and coloured sandstone soils |
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Pfalz
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predominantly sandstone
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Baden
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Mineral rich slopes of extinct volcano
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England and Wales
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Best sites in south/south east have chalk or limestone subsoil in continuation of that found in Champagne
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Nothern Rhone
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Granitic soils prone to erosion.
Often pulled back up slope using pulley system |
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Southern Rhone
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Large round pudding stones store heat in the day and release at night
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Languedoc, Roussillon and Provence
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Range of soil types:
- rich river valleys - alluvial sand in the Rhone delta - clay and gravel plains - limestone common factor throughout all soil types |
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Sudosteiermark
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Volcanic soils for excellent Gewurztraminer
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Tavel AC
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limestone in soil
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Lirac AC
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Similar to Tavel (limestone)
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Rhone delta
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Alluvial
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Lower Austria
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Loess, well draining - best sites are loess over granite
- Rich alluvial soils for black grapes near the Danube |
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Burgenland
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North East predominantly sand (some ungrafted vines near Neusiedl)
remainer of Burgenland is sand covering calcareous rock |
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Styria
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very hilly clay over limestone
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Trans-Danubia
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Hungarian Northern Massif
Volcanic, iron rich soil giving body to the wine (Szekszard and Villany-Siklos REDS) |
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Great Plain of Hungary
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Sandy and phylloxera free
Many vineyards, little quality |
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Romanian soils
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Great variety
Stony and free draining near Carpathians Alluvial and sand near the coast |
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Oltrepo Pavese DOC
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Lombardy
Calcareous clay (Apennine foothills to the Po) |
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Soave
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DOC
Best sites from Volcanic soils of Classico region near Soave town |
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Bianco di Custoza
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DOC Veneto
Limestone hills |
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Colli Euganei
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DOC Veneto
Hills of volcanic origin, Nutrient rich soil suitable for viticulture |
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Emilia-Romagna
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Fertile and high yielding
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Chianti Classico DOCG
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varied soils, hill sites best
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Orvieto
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DOC in Umbria
Similar to Tuffeau of Vouvray |