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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the five main factors that determine how a wine will taste?
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V.E.C.H.M
1) the grape Variety used; 2) the Environment in which it is grown (climate and weather, soil & slope); 3) the Care with which the grapes are grown & harvested; 4) How the wine is made; and 5) how wine is Matured. |
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Can factors that affect quality have a cost effect, and influence the final selling price of a bottle of wine?
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Yes.
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Name five environmental needs a vine has in order to produce a crop of ripe, healthy grapes.
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1) CO2
2) sunlight 3) water 4) warmth 5) nutrients. |
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Describe flavor profile of wine from an under-ripened grape deprived of the heat it needed to full ripen ( say, Cabernet Sauvignon)
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excessively sour, astringent, bitter and lacking in fruit flavor.
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Describe flavor profile of a wine from an over-ripened grape that really would have preferred a moderate or cool climate (say, Pinot Noir or Sauvignon Blanc)
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In the absence of refreshing fruit character and acidity, jammy, raisiny flavors can predominate, or the wine may taste bland.
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In general, would wines with more alcohol, fuller body, more tannin and less acidity be from a hot climate or a cool climate?
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Hot climate.
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In general, would wines with less alcohol, lighter body, less tannin and more acidity be from a hot climate or a cool climate?
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Cool climate.
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What part of the grape berry contains bitter oils?
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Seed
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What part of the grape contains yeasts and bacteria?
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Bloom
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Which parts of the grape (two) contain tannins?
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Stalk, skin
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What part of the grape contains water, sugar, acids and flavorings?
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Pulp
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What part of the grape contains color and flavoring compounds?
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Skin
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Why would a winemaker remove bunches of perfectly good grapes from a vine before they had even fully ripened?
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To ensure that the remaining bunches have a better chance of ripening fully and evenly. This gives you better grapes & better wine, but such activities increase production costs.
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Why is sunlight crucial from a winemaker's perspective?
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Sunlight allows the grape tp combine CO2 & water into sugar. THESE SUGARS FERMENT INTO ALCOHOL.
WIthout sunlight, there's no grape sugar; without grape sugars, there's no wine. |
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Imagine you have grapes with big crops, but the flavors and sugars are diluted, and the wine is lower than usual in alcohol, body and flavor. What's the likely culprit?
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The grapes received too much water.
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What kind of soils are best for growing grapes if you have high rainfall (as in much of Europe)?
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Chalks or gravels which allow water to drain away quickly
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If the weather is too cold or too hot, what can happen to sugar production?
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It can slow, or even stop.
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In what temperate zone do we find most of the world's vineyards?
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Between 30 and 50 degrees from the equator.
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Are dry, stony soils generally warmer or cooler than wet clay soils?
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Warmer.
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Do poorer quality soils generally result in better quality grapes?
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Yes.
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The most important part of the winemaking process is _________.
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fermentation
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When _______ feed on sugars in the grape juice, they produce alcohol, carbon dioxide and heat and change the flavors of grape juice into wine.
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Yeasts.
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The flesh of almost all wine grapes is _____.
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White
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Are grapes for white wines usually crushed to break the skins before they are pressed?
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Yes.
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Why are white wines usually fermented at low temperatures, typically 15-20C?
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Lower fermentation temperatures help preserve fruit flavors.
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Fermentation takes place at a higher temperature for red than for white wines-- usually _______degrees Celsius.
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25-30
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French oak tends to give ______&______flavors.
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toast, nutty
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American oak will impart_______&______
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sweet coconut, vanilla
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Maturation with oxygen takes place in ___________.
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ak vats. New oak adds flavor-- old oak is neutral. In both cases, the wood is porous, allowing small amounts of oxygen to dissolve in the wine.
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Maturation without oxygen takes place in (Name three ways).
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bottles,
cement, stainless steel vats. |
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In the vineyard, the cost of vineyard land, the degree to which the vineyard work is mechanized, the cost &availability of labor/equipment and yield size are all factors that affect the ________.
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cost of producing a botle of wine.
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Name two factors that can influence cost in the winery
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Winery equipment and efficiency of equipment use;cost of barrels or other oak flavoring; and aging, which requires expensive storage & ties up capital.
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Can exchange rates affect the final selling price for exported bottles?
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Yes.
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What is the ultimate factor that determines the selling price of a bottle of wine?
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The ultimate facctor determining the selling price of a bottle of wine is THE PRICE THAT A CONSUMER IS WILLING TO PAY.
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