Mitral stenosis

What is Cardiovascular Disease? (Heart & Blood Vessels) A heart and blood vessel disease (heart disease) is multiple problems within the heart one major one is called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a heart condition caused by a substance called plaque that build up on the walls of the heart arteries. This plaque buildup can narrow the hearts arteries making it harder for blood to flow through. When this problem starts to happen it can cause clotting which is able to stop blood flow and…

Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD) Ball & Bindler (2008) describes this condition as an opening in the ventricular septum, which causes an increase in pulmonary blood flow. VSD is a hole in the wall separating the two lower chambers of the heart (AHA, 2016). The blood is shunted from the left ventricle artery, across the open septum into the pulmonary artery without any impediment (Ball & Bindler, 2008). The opening may cause a higher pressure in the heart or reduced oxygen to the body (AHA, 2016)…

Of all congenital heart defects Tetralogy of Fallot accounts to 10% of them. It is the most common cyanotic defect in adults. Pulmonary stenosis is the deciding factor in determining the severity of the defect. Mild pulmonary stenosis would result in left to right shunting and no cyanosis, whereas severe pulmonary stenosis would restrict flow to the lungs resulting in right to left shunting with a degree of cyanosis. Newborns show signs of cyanosis at birth and if left untreated…

infection. Signs and symptoms of myocarditis include chest pain, heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms.”(Mayo Clinic, 2012). Another cause of systolic dysfunction is valvular stenosis. Valvular stenosis is defined as a thickening or blockage to one or possibly more heart valve. In example, if a patient has aortic valve stenosis, their left ventricle would have great difficulty pumping blood efficiently. One other cause of systolic dysfunction is coronary heart disease or CHD. This cause…

Patient comes into the Emergency Room with a chief complaint of swelling and extreme pain in the left leg. After awaiting triage, the patient is finally seen by the physician. Temperature 96.8˚F, Heart Rate 129 beats per minute, Blood Pressure 102/60, Respiratory Rate 23, SPO2 100% on room air. Upon examination of his left leg, it is undeniably blue in color with significant swelling as compared to the right. Superficial veins are noticeably distended and the leg is cool to the touch. A Duplex…

The echocardiogram of an individual with HCM can reveal asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, early closing followed by reopening of the aortic valve, a small and hypercontractile left ventricle, and delayed relaxation and filling of the left ventricle during diastole. A clinical diagnosis of HCM is confirmed when unexplained increased…

in the family; brother H.M. died at 86 years old 4. Heart attacks present in the family; father died at age of 72 years old; brother M.M. died at 71 years old 5. Stenosis present in the family; Brother J.M. died at 85 years old and B.K. was recently diagnosed with early stages of aortic stenosis and mitral valve stenosis. 72, Father, 76, Mother, Heart attack Stroke due to high BP 86, 85, CHF 71, heart attack 82, well 80, well…

Ventilation and perfusion work together in the body to provide oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide. Ventilation provides tissue and organs oxygen by the process of mechanical inspiration and exhalation of the lungs. This provides the alveoli within the lungs with oxygen, as well as the ability to expel waste products like carbon dioxide. Perfusion provides the tissues and organs with oxygen by the mechanism of diffusion between the pulmonary capillaries and alveoli. Ventilation Ventilation…

2.1. The left ventricle and interventricular septum The heart has two inferior chambers, called the right and left ventricles, respectively. These chambers are the “pumps” that expel blood into the blood vessels and keeps it flowing through the body (Rizzo, 2016). The left ventricle is a cavity that has thick muscular walls that contains the papillary muscles as well as the chordae tendinae that attaches the atrio-ventricular valve leaflets to the papillary muscles (Leeson, Augustine,…

Preoperative evaluation Cardiac surgery, including coronary artery bypass grafting and surgery for valvular disease, represents one of the most common classes of surgical procedures performed worldwide. Advances in the percutaneous management of coronary artery disease as well as in cardiac surgical techniques have led to improved outcomes with consequent longer life expectancy for patients. Greater numbers of patients with depressed left ventricular function, multiple comorbidities, failed…