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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Used detailed observation of his own children to fevelop his theory of cognitive development.
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Jean Piaget
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Incorporating new information into already existing schemes
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Assimilation
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In Piaget's theory, what shapes the child's cognitive development
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Experience and Biology
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The 1st stage of development tha tlast from birth until 24 months of age
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Sensorimotor stage
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The understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched
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Object permance
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Researchers have found that babies understand the concept of casuality by the age of?
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5 1/2 to 6 months
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The focusing of mental resources on select information is called?
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Attention
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Researcher Andrew Meltzoff found that infants can imitate facial expression withing the first few days after birth and suggest that this is?
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Biological faced
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Juan is riding a bike. Riding a bike requires Juan to use to use his what?
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Implicit Memory
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Abraham describes to his friends what he did last summer on vacation he is relying on his
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Explicit Memory
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Explicit memory is to unconscious as
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Explicit memory is to conscious
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Develops in the 2nd year.
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Explicit memory
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What is the current proposed explanation for infantile amnesia?
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Infants have immature prefronal lobes in the brain.
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The most important early contributor to the developmental testing of infants is
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Arnold Gesell
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The Gesell test, used to asses normal and abnormal infants has four categories of behavior:
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Language, adaptive, personal- social motor
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The Babyley Scale of Infant Development is widely used assessment of infant development and has 3 components:
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Mental scale, Motor scale, an dInfant Behavior Profile
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Primarily measures the infants processing abilities
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Fagan Test
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Infants intelligance test results are not highly correlated w/ IQ in later childhood.
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-
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Cases like Wild Boy of Aveyron and Gentle cause us to wonder whether:
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language, is due more to heredity or to environment.
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A form of communication that is based on a system of symbols is called:
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Language
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Refers to the meaning of words and sentences
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Semantics
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Refers to the appropriate use of language in different contexts.
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Pragmantics
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Infants begin to say their 1st words b/t
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10 to 15 months
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Infants can comprehend language before they can what?
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Produce language
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Language appear to follow the same development patterns regardless of culture
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Characterstics of human language
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Three types of cries:
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Basic, anger, and pain
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Two types of smiles:
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Reflexive- does not occur in response to stimuli
Social- response to stimuli |
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Three types of Temperament-
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Easy- predictable, sleeping, eating patterns.
Difficult- Unpredictable eating, and sleeping slow-to-warm- don't respond |
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Refers to the development pattern from the top down
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Cephalocaudal pattern of development
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The infant follows the developmental pattern:
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the brain, followed by the spinal cord and then leg nerves
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Inside out
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Proxomidistal
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The average american newborn is how many inches long and weighs how much?
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20 inches long and 7 1/2 pounds
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Most infants lose weight before they what?
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Start to gain
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Infants double their weight by what age?
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4 months of age
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Swelling and hemorrhaging of the brain due to shaking of the infant.
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Shaken baby syndrome
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By their second birthday, the brain is what?
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Approx. 75 percent the weight of an adults brain
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The case of Michael Rehbein showed what?
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That the brain is very adaptive
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Providing a stimulating home environment increase what?
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The chances that children grow up to be intelligent
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The acronym "SIDS" stands for what?
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
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Fewer allergies
Appropriate weight gain Improved visual acuity |
Benefits of breast feeding
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A mother should not breast feed when?
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When she has an infectious disease
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What is the mortality rate of bottle fed infants to breast fed infants?
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5 time greater than of breast fed infants
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The rediness approach to toliet training is based on waiting until the child shows signs of:
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Being ready to toliet-train
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Flings their arms and legs out from the body and then pulls them in tightly.
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Moro reflex
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The rooting reflex is to sucking as the
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Moro reflex is the startle
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Involve large muscle activity
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Gross motor
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Gross motor skills is to big movemnts as
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fine motor skills is to small movements
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Found that infants in the mitten group developed grasping skills earlier
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Sticky mittens research project
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The recieveing of information from the surrounding environment is called
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Sensation
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The interpreting of sensory information is
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Perception
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During his work with infants in the "looking chamber" discovered that both 2 day old infants & 2 to 3 yar old toddlers looked at faces longer than any other object.
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Robert Franz
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What is the most comforting thing to get a child to sleep?
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singing to a child
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The believe that infants do not experience pain, gave doctors reason to perform surgeries on ingants who had not been given anesthesia
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-
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Research has shown that infants do form preferences for:
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Smell and taste
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The emotional actions and reactions of a child's caregivers influence:
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Neurological development
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If an infant is raised in a neglectful environment and is not comforted or soothed during distress, the infant will MOST likely be delayed in
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Regulation of emotions
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Suggest that every time a parent gives attention to an infants crying, the infant will be rewarded for crying and cry more
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Operant conditioning
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Believes that parents should respond quickly to the cries of their babies bc a quick response will enhance the infant's sense of secure attachment
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Mary Ainsworth
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Which of the following occurse 1st in development?
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Reflexive smiling
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Children are more likely to show stronger anxiety if they
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are not securely attached
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Children can begin to regulate their emotions by what age?
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Age1
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Angela and Jason are going to have a child Statistically speaking their child
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Easy Temperament
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The idea that children have different temperament should lead parents to realize that
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There is no single best way to raise all children
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Harlow's study concluded that contact comfort is more important for attachment than feeding. What evidence was used to support this conclusion?
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Baby monkeys spent more time with cloth surrogate mothers, regardless of whether the cloth mothers fed them.
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How old do children have to be before they take into consideration the feelings of others before acting?
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24 months
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The following statement about reciprocal socialization is true?
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Children socialize parents just as parents socialize children
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The research on fathers as caregivers indicates what?
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That fathers interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do, regardless of child parent is the primary caregiver
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Research on infant behavior in stressful situations with a stranger present indicates that infants:
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Turn more to their mothers for comfort
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Fathers are more what with their children?
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Physical
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Currnetly, how many children recieve form, licensed childcare in the US?
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2,000,000
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Which of the following is generally true about child-care settings across the US, according to your text?
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They vary widely in quality
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Children in low quality child care are more what than children in high quality childcare
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Aggressive
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Most important in child care setting?
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Having adults who know and care about child development and materials that faster positive growth.
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